{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:43:53Z","timestamp":1777934633255,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669075200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Vancomycin-resistant\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n and multi-drug\u2013resistant (MDR)\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n are rising contributors to spinal fusion and fracture-associated infections (FAI), respectively. These MDR bacteria can form protective biofilms, complicating traditional antibiotic treatment. This study explores the effects of the antibiotic-independent antimicrobial silver carboxylate (AgCar)-doped coating on the adherence sand proliferation of these pathogens on orthopedic implant materials utilized in spinal fusion and orthopedic trauma fixation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Multi-drug\u2013resistant\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n and vancomycin-resistant\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n were inoculated on five common implant materials: cobalt chromium, titanium, titanium alloy, polyether ether ketone, and stainless steel. Dose response curves were generated to assess antimicrobial potency. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were utilized to characterize and quantify growth and adherence on each material.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The optimal AgCar concentration was a 95% titanium dioxide (TiO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n )-5% polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix combined with 10\u2009\u00d7\u2009silver carboxylate, which inhibited bacterial proliferation by 89.40% (p\u2009=\u20090.001) for MDR\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n and 84.02% (p\u2009=\u20090.001) for vancomycin-resistant\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n compared with uncoated implants. A 95% TiO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n -5% PDMS matrix combined with 10\u2009\u00d7\u2009AgCar was equally effective at inhibiting bacterial proliferation across all implant materials for MDR\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n (p\u2009=\u20090.19) and vancomycin-resistant\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n (p\u2009=\u20090.07). A 95% TiO2-5% PDMS matrix with 10\u2009\u00d7\u2009AgCar is effective at decreasing bacterial adherence of both MDR\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n and vancomycin-resistant\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n on implant materials.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n Application of this antibiotic-independent coating for surgery in which these implant materials might be used may prevent adherence, biofilm formation, spinal infections, and FAI by MDR\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n and vancomycin-resistant\n Enterococcus faecalis.<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2022.279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T11:19:23Z","timestamp":1669115963000},"page":"924-932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Silver Carboxylate-Eluting Titanium-Dioxide Polydimethylsiloxane Coating Inhibits Multi-Drug\u2013Resistant\n Acinetobacterium baumannii<\/i>\n and Vancomycin-Resistant\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>\n Adherence and Proliferation on Orthopedic Trauma Fixation and Spinal Fusion Materials"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Dioscaris R.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neel","family":"Vishwanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Minnah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Allu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin D.","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin K.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellis M.","family":"Berns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carole S.L.","family":"Spake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique M.","family":"Dockery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caitlin C.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makena","family":"Mette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Clippert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Antoci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Born","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA."},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 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