{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T20:57:49Z","timestamp":1788209869516,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are rapidly spreading, life-threatening infections that require emergent surgical intervention with immediate antibiotic initiation. However, there is no consensus regarding duration of antibiotic therapy after source control. We hypothesized that a short course of antibiotic therapy is as effective as a long course of antibiotic therapy after final debridement for NSTI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to November 2022. Observational studies comparing short (\u22647 days) versus long (&gt;7 days) antibiotic duration for NSTI were included. Primary outcome was mortality and secondary outcomes included limb amputation and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Clostridium difficile<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection (CDI). Cumulative analysis was performed with Fisher exact test. Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed effects model and heterogeneity was assessed using Higgins\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        I\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 622 titles were screened and four observational studies evaluating 532 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 52 years, 67% were male, 61% had Fournier gangrene. There was no difference in mortality when comparing short to long duration antibiotic agents on both cumulative analysis (5.6% vs. 4.0%; p\u2009=\u20090.51) and meta-analysis (relative risk, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.8\u20131.0;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                        I\n                        <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      0; p\u2009=\u20090.19). There was no significant difference in rates of limb amputation (11% vs. 8.5%; p\u2009=\u20090.50) or CDI (20.8% vs. 13.3%; p\u2009=\u20090.14).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short duration antibiotic therapy may be as effective as longer duration antibiotic therapy for NSTI after source control. Further high-quality data such as randomized clinical trials are required to create evidence-based guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2023.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T10:57:43Z","timestamp":1684925863000},"page":"425-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Short Versus Long Antibiotic Duration for Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nicole B.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Ryder Trauma Center, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna L.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Ryder Trauma Center, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Christopher F.","family":"O'Neil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Ryder Trauma Center, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter A.","family":"Ramsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Ryder Trauma Center, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth G.","family":"Proctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Ryder Trauma Center, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Namias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Ryder Trauma Center, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6616-6682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Meizoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Ryder Trauma Center, Miami, Florida, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.08.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2015.238"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-018-0219-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1411162"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2042098614554919"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001562"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2020.436"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","unstructured":"Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. PRISMA; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.prisma-statement.org\/\/ [Last accessed: January 23 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"Lyons N Namias N Meizoso J. Short versus Long antibiotic duration for necrotizing soft tissue infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023390504 Available from: https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023390504 [Last accessed: January 23 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","unstructured":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. CASP Checklists. CASP UK; 2018. Available from: https:\/\/casp-uk.net\/casp-tools-checklists\/ [Last accessed: January 9 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2021.256"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2022.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348211051700"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2017.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.34"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir301"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2019.091"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001857"}],"container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/sur.2023.037","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2023.037","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2023.037","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:29:53Z","timestamp":1777688993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/sur.2023.037"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/sur.2023.037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2023.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-2964","1557-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-2964","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]}}}