{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T23:15:57Z","timestamp":1779318957564,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hand infections are a common problem in emergency departments.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the main pathogen of both hand and blood stream infections. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency and impact of bacteremia in patients with hand infections to improve the microbiologic diagnostics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective study of 90 patients with acute hand infections without antimicrobial pre-treatment was performed. Blood cultures were taken pre-operatively. If positive, transesophageal echocardiography was performed to rule out infectious endocarditis. Tissue samples were microbiologically processed using standardized culture media. If negative, a broad-spectrum bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied. The etiology and location of the infection, the length of hospital stay, the number of surgical interventions, and the inflammatory parameters were obtained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six patients with bacteremia (6.6%) were diagnosed, after animal bites (n\u2009=\u20093) and intra-articular empyema (n\u2009=\u20093). Pathogens included\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus pettenkoferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pasteurella multocida<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacteroides pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                      . No case of infective endocarditis was detected. Patients with bacteremia required more surgical interventions (p\u2009=\u20090.002), had a longer hospital stay (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), higher plasma C-reactive protein (CRP; p\u2009=\u20090.016), and a higher age (p\u2009=\u20090.002) compared with those without bacteremia. In 14 cases (15.6%) no pathogen was detected by culture, whereas the subsequent broad-spectrum PCR diagnosed three cases (21.4%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre-operative blood cultures in patients with hand infections are important to detect bacteremia as an essential marker of clinical severity. Those blood cultures are indicated after deep animal bites and joint empyema. A precise identification of pathogens is fundamental for an effective treatment of hand infections, for which a 16S rRNA gene PCR can contribute in culture-negative tissue samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2023.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T10:36:22Z","timestamp":1693391782000},"page":"625-631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microbiologic Analysis of Hand Infections: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Susanne","family":"Rein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Hospital Sankt Georg, Leipzig, Germany."},{"name":"Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Sorowka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Hospital Sankt Georg, Leipzig, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gr\u00fcnewald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Hospital Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Hospital Sankt Georg, Leipzig, Germany."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b458c9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.347130101"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-836296"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-019-03306-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00134-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12195"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1392039"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu296"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","first-page":"Doc11","article-title":"Calculated initial parenteral treatment of bacterial infections: Skin and soft tissue infections","volume":"8","author":"Sunderk\u00f6tter C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sunderk\u00f6tter C, , Becker K, , Eckmann C, et al. Calculated initial parenteral treatment of bacterial infections: Skin and soft tissue infections. GMS Infect Dis, 2020; 8:Doc11; doi: 10.3205\/id000055","journal-title":"GMS Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313525"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2008.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01686-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37201\/req\/s03.19.2022"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2019.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10070788"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06064-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2020.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0220555"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1381-8017"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","article-title":"H\u00e4ufigkeit, Eigenschaften und Verbreitung von MRSA in Deutschland","author":"Robert-Koch-Institut","year":"2021","unstructured":"Robert-Koch-Institut. H\u00e4ufigkeit, Eigenschaften und Verbreitung von MRSA in Deutschland. Epidemiologisches Bulletin; 2021.","journal-title":"Epidemiologisches Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39346.495880.AE"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12896"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2013.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir692"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03648.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","first-page":"237","article-title":"[Infections of the hand after bite injuries]","volume":"53","author":"Eichenauer F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eichenauer F, , Kim S, , Hakimi M, et al. [Infections of the hand after bite injuries]. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir, 2021; 53(3):237\u2013244; doi: 10.1055\/a-1382-8093","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"}],"container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/sur.2023.052","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2023.052","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2023.052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:29:56Z","timestamp":1777688996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/sur.2023.052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/sur.2023.052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2023.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-2964","1557-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-2964","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}}}