{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T10:04:15Z","timestamp":1784369055802,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) and surgical stabilization of sternal fractures (SSSF) involves open reduction and internal fixation of fractures with an implantable titanium plate to restore and maintain anatomic alignment. The presence of this foreign, non-absorbable material presents an opportunity for infection. Although surgical site infection (SSI) and implant infection rates after SSRF and SSSF are low, they present a challenging clinical entity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Surgical Infection Society's Therapeutics and Guidelines Committee and Chest Wall Injury Society's Publication Committee convened to develop recommendations for management of SSIs or implant-related infections after SSRF or SSSF. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane database were searched for pertinent studies. Using a process of iterative consensus, all committee members voted to accept or reject each recommendation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For patients undergoing SSRF or SSSF who develop an SSI or an implant-related infection, there is insufficient evidence to suggest a single optimal management strategy. For patients with an SSI, systemic antibiotic therapy, local wound debridement, and vacuum-assisted closure have been used in isolation or combination. For patients with an implant-related infection, initial implant removal with or without systemic antibiotic therapy, systemic antibiotic therapy with local wound drainage, and systemic antibiotic therapy with local antibiotic therapy have been documented. For patients who do not undergo initial implant removal, 68% ultimately require implant removal to achieve source control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insufficient evidence precludes the ability to recommend guidelines for the treatment of SSI or implant-related infection following SSRF or SSSF. Further studies should be performed to identify the optimal management strategy in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2023.086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T09:53:33Z","timestamp":1684490013000},"page":"414-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Surgical Infection Society\u2013Chest Wall Injury Society Recommendations for Management of Surgical Site or Implant-Related Infections After Surgical Stabilization of Traumatic Rib or Sternal Fractures"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Joseph D.","family":"Forrester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Faliks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, HonorHealth Scottsdale Osborn Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Cardarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Saad","family":"Choudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavik","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Ricaurte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute Care Surgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Sarani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sfakianos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Science Education, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Kartiko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared M.","family":"Huston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Departments of Surgery and Science Education, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002917"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2012.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2013.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003021"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002922"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002373"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2021.165"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39490.551019.BE"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000094"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13032-014-0020-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjv155"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.04.005"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","first-page":"696","article-title":"Chest wall stabilization in ventilator-dependent traumatic flail chest patients: Who benefits?","volume":"51","author":"Kocher GJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kocher GJ, , Sharafi S, , Azenha LF, et al. 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