{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:44:13Z","timestamp":1777934653537,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is little guidance regarding empiric therapy for superficial surgical site infections (SSIs). Management of incisions with signs of SSI lacks consensus and management is variable among individual surgeons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Surgical Infection Society was surveyed regarding management of SSIs. Cases were provided with varying wound descriptions, initial wound class (WC), post-operative day, and presence of a prosthesis. Responses were in multiple-choice format; statistics: \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-eight members responded. For appearance scenarios, respondents believed that both mild erythema (55%) and clear drainage (64%) could be observed, whereas substantial (&gt;3\u2009cm) erythema or purulence should be treated with complete (22% and 50%) or partial (55% and 40%) opening of the incision. Degree of erythema did not influence administration of antibiotic agents, but purulence was more likely than clear drainage to be treated with antibiotics (38% vs. 6%; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). There were no differences based on WC, except that clean cases were more likely than higher WC scenarios to be treated with gram-positive coverage alone (WC 1 [26%] vs. 2 [10%] vs. 3 [13%] vs. 4 [4%]; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Post-operative day (POD) three appeared to be an inflection point for more aggressive treatment of suspected incisional SSI, with fewer (POD 0 [86%] vs. POD day 3 [54%]; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) reporting observation. Respondents were more likely to obtain imaging, start broad-spectrum antibiotic agents, and return to the operating room for purulence in the presence of a mesh.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Presented with escalating possibility of SSI, respondents reported lower rates of observation, increased use of antibiotic agents, and increased surgical drainage. Many scenarios lack consensus regarding appropriate therapy. The complete elimination of SSIs is unlikely to be accomplished soon, and this study provides a framework for understanding how surgeons approach SSIs, and potential areas for further research or pragmatic guidance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2023.142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T10:05:53Z","timestamp":1693389953000},"page":"598-605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Self-Reported Diagnosis and Management of Surgical Site Infection Highlights Lack of Objective Measures and Treatment Guidance"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Patrick T.","family":"Delaplain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California-Irvine, Orange, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip S.","family":"Barie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma, Burns, Acute and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Dvorak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina S.","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of General Surgery and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rondi","family":"Gelbard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Guidry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian D.","family":"Schubl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California-Irvine, Orange, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Scientific Studies Committee of the Surgical Infection Society","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9763"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/501572"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2012.200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113990"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1990.01410180120020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90361-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current HAI Progress Report. 2019 National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections Progress Report. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hai\/data\/portal\/progress-report.html [Last accessed: June1 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/676022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2016.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000466"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2013.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network. Surgical Site Infection Event. 2023. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/9pscssicurrent.pdf [Last accessed: April23 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0195941700064080"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90838-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2013.07.398"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5999\/aps.2013.40.5.522"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","first-page":"e022","article-title":"Surgical wound classification and surgical site infections in the orthopaedic Patient","volume":"1","author":"Onyekwelu I","year":"2017","unstructured":"Onyekwelu I, , Yakkanti R, , Protzer L, et al. Surgical wound classification and surgical site infections in the orthopaedic Patient. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev, 2017; 1(3):e022; doi: 10.5435\/JAAOSGlobal-D-17-00022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2017.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/codi.15569"}],"container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/sur.2023.142","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2023.142","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2023.142","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:30:13Z","timestamp":1777689013000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/sur.2023.142"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/sur.2023.142"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2023.142","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-2964","1557-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-2964","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]}}}