{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:45:05Z","timestamp":1777934705379,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antibiotics are frequently administered prophylactically to trauma patients with various injury patterns to prevent infectious complications. Trauma patients may also require large volume resuscitation with blood products. Limited data are available to support antibiotic dosing recommendations in this population. We hypothesized that we would be able to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of cefazolin, a frequently used antibiotic in the trauma scenario, from remnant blood samples by pharmacokinetic analysis of trauma patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Remnant plasma from standard of care chemistry\/hematology assessments was retrieved within 48 h of collection and assayed to determine cefazolin concentrations. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted in Pmetrics using R. Linear regression was conducted to assess the effect of blood product resuscitation volume on cefazolin pharmacokinetic parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cefazolin concentrations best fitted a two-compartment model (Akaike information criterion: 443.9). The mean \u00b1 standard deviation parameters were total body clearance (4.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9L), volume of the central compartment (V\n                      <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 7.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.9L), and intercompartment transfer constants (k\n                      <jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.98 h\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , k\n                      <jats:sub>21<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 0.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45 h\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). No statistical relationships were observed between blood products, volume of blood products, and cefazolin clearance or V\n                      <jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      : 0.0004\u20130.21, p = 0.08\u20130.95). Using a 5,000-patient Monte Carlo simulation, 2 g with repeated dosing every 2 h until end of surgery was required to achieve 93.2% probability of 100% free time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                      T &gt; MIC) at the ECOFF value for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (2 mg\/L).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In these 15 trauma patients receiving blood transfusion, no relationship with blood volume resuscitation and cefazolin pharmacokinetics was observed. On the basis of this pharmacokinetic model, frequent cefazolin doses are required to maintain 100%\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                      T &gt; MIC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2023.341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T13:02:01Z","timestamp":1720789321000},"page":"436-443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Blood Product Resuscitation on Cefazolin Pharmacokinetics in Trauma Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Aliaa","family":"Fouad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Gates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4464-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Kuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane J.","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA."},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-017-0141-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.139.12.1278"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318206d3df"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31825ff670"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2006.7.379"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection 2nd ed. 2018. 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Data from the EUCAST MIC distribution website. 2023. Available from: http:\/\/www.eucast.org [Last accessed: July25 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000237793"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13370"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"Neutrophil migratory activity in severe hemorrhagic shock","volume":"10","author":"Davis J","year":"1983","unstructured":"Davis J, , Stevens J, , Peitzman A, et al. Neutrophil migratory activity in severe hemorrhagic shock. Circ Shock, 1983; 10(3):199\u2013204.","journal-title":"Circ Shock"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1987.01400130068010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2021.295"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182701902"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198910000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1996.01430230047009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2021.218"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.31.3.389"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(91)90098-7"}],"container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/sur.2023.341","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2023.341","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2023.341","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:30:48Z","timestamp":1777689048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/sur.2023.341"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/sur.2023.341"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2023.341","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-2964","1557-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-2964","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}}}