{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:44:25Z","timestamp":1777934665947,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n The purpose of this study was to report a case of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) keratitis misdiagnosed as fungal keratitis due to its clinical presentation being similar to that of fungal keratitis, ultimately diagnosed by NGS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A 59-year-old male presented with reduced vision in the right eye, combined with a history of trauma with vegetative matter. The corneal ulcer was accompanied with feathery infiltration, satellite lesion, and endothelial plaques. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) showed hyper-reflective linear, thin, and branching interlocking structures. Fungal keratitis was diagnosed. Voriconazole 100 mg orally daily, topical tobramycin and 1% voriconazole were initiated empirically right away. The condition was aggravated and penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) demonstrated the presence of plaques with a clear boundary between plaques and endothelium, resembling the AS-OCT images observed in cases of viral keratitis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) further detected HSV-1 deoxyribonucleic acid, and no fungal component was found. Antifungal agents were discontinued and antiviral treatments were added.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n We successfully treated a patient with HSV-1 keratitis who was misdiagnosed due to clinical features and IVCM findings similar to fungal keratitis. The patient's infection was controlled. At 2 years after surgery, the cornea recovered well.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n HSV-1 keratitis with atypical clinical presentation can be easily misdiagnosed. This case report emphasizes the importance of NGS in diagnosing the pathogens of keratitis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2024.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T04:51:07Z","timestamp":1719982267000},"page":"550-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Misdiagnosed as Fungal Keratitis: Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Keratitis Confirmed by Next-Generation Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hui-Zhong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Fen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-long","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2022.4333"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-021-00630-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-023-01207-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_396_19"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.84.6.563"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.076315"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001286"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2021.1897999"}],"container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/sur.2024.001","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2024.001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/sur.2024.001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:30:59Z","timestamp":1777689059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/sur.2024.001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/sur.2024.001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/sur.2024.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1096-2964","1557-8674"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1096-2964","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-8674","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]}}}