{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:13:53Z","timestamp":1790633633415,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex differences exist in sepsis, but the commitment of neutrophils to these differences remains unclear. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) function to remove pathogens, yet excessive NETs release can contribute to organ damage. This study explores effects of the gender hormones on endotoxin-induced NETs using neutrophils from both male and female sources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers. Isolated neutrophils were seeded in collagen-coated cell culture plates, and NETs were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. After 15 minutes of LPS treatment, 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol (0.03\u2013272.4 ng\/mL), testosterone enanthate (0.01\u201310 ng\/mL), dimethyl sulfoxide, or ethanol (vehicle control) was added to the plates. These were incubated for three hours at 37\u00b0C with 5% CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Neutrophil extracellular traps formation was assessed using immunofluorescence staining.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipopolysaccharide-induced NETs formation was significantly greater in females than in males. In male-derived neutrophils, 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol at above the blood concentrations significantly suppressed LPS-induced NETs. No effect was seen while using testosterone enanthate to NETs at any concentration. In female-derived neutrophils, 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol, which was near to the highest concentration of non-pregnant women\u2019s blood, tended to increase NETs. Testosterone enanthate, which was near to female blood concentration, significantly promoted NETs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sex differences existed in LPS-induced NETs of human neutrophil. In males, high concentrations of 17\u03b2\u2010estradiol administration may have a suppressive effect on excessive NETs during infection. In females, endogenous gender hormones may promote NETs during infection. Sex differences in neutrophils may need to be considered in organ damage owing to NETs excess such as sepsis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2024.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T04:55:02Z","timestamp":1719982502000},"page":"505-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Sex Differences of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4466-598X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michiko","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Hyogo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromoto","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Higashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Hyogo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taketo","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noritomo","family":"Fujisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan."},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Kohama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Disaster and Critical Care Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001717"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.26982"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Gender differences in trauma, shock and sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Bosch F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bosch F, , Angele MK, , Chaudry IH. 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