{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T22:44:42Z","timestamp":1777934682260,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Infections"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tissue adhesives are increasingly being used as alternatives to traditional sutures and staples in surgical incision closure applications. Exofin Fusion, a novel cyanoacrylate-based adhesive with a mesh, has been developed to enhance surgical incision closure. This study investigates the microbial barrier effectiveness of Exofin Fusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An in vitro assessment of 35 plates, including challenge organisms, negative controls, and positive controls, was conducted by an independent research organization, North American Science Associates, Inc (NAMSA), USA. Exofin Fusion was applied to the plates aseptically. Each plate was then inoculated with specific challenge organisms. Observations for visible growth or color changes in the media were made over a 21-day period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results demonstrated no growth or color changes on test plates for common pathogens such as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , Methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aspergillus brasiliensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      throughout the 21-day period.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed no growth or color changes up to day 20; however, two out of five replicates exhibited growth on day 21.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study confirms the microbial barrier properties of Exofin Fusion, as it effectively prevents the penetration of challenge organisms for the entire test period. Despite the growth of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      in two replicates on day 21, the adhesive demonstrates remarkable efficacy in protecting against microbial infiltration. These findings suggest the potential clinical utility of Exofin Fusion in surgical incision closure applications, highlighting its significance in healthcare settings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2024.207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T20:21:52Z","timestamp":1734553312000},"page":"232-238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Assessment of the Extended 21-Day Microbial Barrier Provided by the Exofin Fusion Surgical Incision Closure System"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-4935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaitanya Dev","family":"Pannu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.123395"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199811000-00062"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258182"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"National hospital ambulatory medical care survey: 1999 emergency department summary","volume":"320","author":"McCaig LF","year":"2001","unstructured":"McCaig LF, , Catharine WB. National hospital ambulatory medical care survey: 1999 emergency department summary. Vital Health Stat, 2001; 320:1\u201336.","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","volume-title":"Sixth Report of the Mandatory Surveillance of Surgical Site Infection in Orthopaedic Surgery","author":"Elgohari S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elgohari S, , Lamagni T, , Thelwall S, et al. Sixth Report of the Mandatory Surveillance of Surgical Site Infection in Orthopaedic Surgery. Health Protection Agency: London; 2010."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"828","article-title":"Surgical site infection and development of antimicrobial sutures: A review","volume":"26","author":"Chua RAHW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chua RAHW, , Lim SK, , Chee CF, et al. Surgical site infection and development of antimicrobial sutures: A review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2022; 26(3):828\u2013845; doi: 10.26355\/eurrev_202202_27991","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Wound Closure Biomaterials and Devices","author":"Hirko MK","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hirko MK, , Lin PH, , Greisler HP, et al. Biological properties of suture materials in wound closure biomaterials. In: Chu CC, , Greisler HP, , von Fraunhofer JA, eds. Wound Closure Biomaterials and Devices. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1997:271\u2013273."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(97)90266-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Perera AGN","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perera AGN, , Tavarez MM. 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate [2023 Apr 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. 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Medical Data International, Inc. 1998."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-002-0728-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/109629602761624216"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757177414551562"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/120347540300700103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","unstructured":"Ethicon. 09TR016 Technical Report: Study Report for In\u2010Vitro Evaluation of the Microbial Barrier Properties of Improved PRINEO Skin Closure System. March 2009. 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