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However, sera and other animal-derived culture reagents stage safety issues in clinical therapy, including possible infections and severe immune reactions. By expanding ASCs in the medium containing human serum (HS), the problem can be eliminated. To define how allogeneic HS (alloHS) performs in ASC expansion compared to FBS, a comparative\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    study in both serum supplements was performed. The choice of serum had a significant effect on ASCs. First, to reach cell proliferation levels comparable with 10% FBS, at least 15% alloHS was required. Second, while genes of the cell cycle pathway were overexpressed in alloHS, genes of the bone morphogenetic protein receptor\u2013mediated signaling on the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway regulating, for example, osteoblast differentiation, were overexpressed in FBS. The result was further supported by differentiation analysis, where early osteogenic differentiation was significantly enhanced in FBS. The data presented here underscore the importance of thorough investigation of ASCs for utilization in cell therapies. This study is a step forward in the understanding of these potential cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,25]],"date-time":"2010-02-25T13:45:01Z","timestamp":1267105501000},"page":"2281-2294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Differential Gene Expression in Adipose Stem Cells Cultured in Allogeneic Human Serum Versus Fetal Bovine Serum"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Bettina","family":"Lindroos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaisa-Leena","family":"Aho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University of Technology","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Kuokkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University Hospital","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sari","family":"R\u00e4ty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University Hospital","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heini","family":"Huhtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tampere","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riina","family":"Lemponen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tampere","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olli","family":"Yli-Harja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tampere University of Technology","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Suuronen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Tampere University Hospital","place":["Finland"]},{"name":"Tampere University of Technology","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Miettinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2009.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-02-0105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/107632701300062859"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10767"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.01.072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.12.158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00469-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000114522.38265.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000101063.27008.E1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240310003026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000265074.83288.09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.0315"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240802419302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2005-0235"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.168534"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.101881"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2006-0228"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05409.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"392A","article-title":"Role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in allogeneic transplantation: early phase I clinical results","volume":"96","author":"Lazarus H.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lazarus H., , Curtin P., , Devine S., , McCarthy P., , Holland K., , Moseley A., , Bacigalupo A. 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