{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:54:34Z","timestamp":1777938874530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tissue Engineering Part A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Subcutaneous delivery of islets in a methacrylic acid-based hydrogel may offer a functional cure for type 1 diabetes. Here we show in mice that the hydrogel is able to provide sufficient vasculature to support islet function and viability, when islets are used at a low islet volume fraction (i.e., cell density). The Krogh cylinder model was used to mathematically estimate the effect of implant volume, for a fixed islet dose (600 islet equivalents [IEQ]), on the minimum vessel density required to maintain sufficient pO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    within the graft. Modeling suggested that 200\u2009\u03bcL implants would have low enough islet densities and enough vessels to have islets remain viable, but that 50\u2009\u03bcL implants would not; this was confirmed experimentally through measurement of glucose level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID\/bg) mice, comparing 200 and 50\u2009\u03bcL implants, both with 600 IEQ. Vessel densities were \u223c20\u201330 vessels\/mm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    independent of implant volume and vessels were sufficient to increase subcutaneous oxygen tension, as measured with microcapsules containing oxygen sensitive material (a platinum [Pt] porphyrin); both these results were determined without cells. These results are useful in thinking about the scale-up of this system to humans: to maintain a low islet density (\u223c0.5%), many more islets will require attention to the subcutaneous implant configuration to satisfy the oxygen needs of the cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2023.0155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T08:08:47Z","timestamp":1699949327000},"page":"204-213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Cell Density of a Methacrylic Acid-Based Hydrogel Implant on Embedded Islet Function and Viability"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Krystal","family":"Ortaleza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Sefton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001050"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.50.3.489"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.47.7.1027"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007273430401"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121342"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119477"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10739680801938289"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1964.0092"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.42.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/000000003771000219"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emerich DF Orive G. Cell Therapy: Current Status and Future Directions. Humana Press: Totowa NJ; 2017.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57153-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.8.087006"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-0690"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34393"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.2395"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33760-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100820"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(02)02381-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183780"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113560109"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.03.018"}],"container-title":["Tissue Engineering Part A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/ten.tea.2023.0155","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ten.tea.2023.0155","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ten.tea.2023.0155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T04:54:34Z","timestamp":1777697674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/ten.tea.2023.0155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/ten.tea.2023.0155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ten.tea.2023.0155","relation":{},"ISSN":["1937-3341","1937-335X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1937-3341","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-335X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}