{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T06:03:45Z","timestamp":1782453825449,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,5]],"date-time":"2013-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Lung bioengineering, a novel approach to obtain organs potentially available for transplantation, is based on decellularizing donor lungs and seeding natural scaffolds with stem cells. Various physicochemical protocols have been used to decellularize lungs, and their performance has been evaluated in terms of efficient decellularization and matrix preservation. No data are available, however, on the effect of different decellularization procedures on the local stiffness of the acellular lung. This information is important since stem cells directly sense the rigidity of the local site they are engrafting to during recellularization, and it has been shown that substrate stiffness modulates cell fate into different phenotypes. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the decellularization procedure on the inhomogeneous local stiffness of the acellular lung on five different sites: alveolar septa, alveolar junctions, pleura, and vessels' tunica intima and tunica adventitia. Local matrix stiffness was measured by computing Young's modulus with atomic force microscopy after decellularizing the lungs of 36 healthy rats (Sprague-Dawley, male, 250\u2013300\u2009g) with four different protocols with\/without perfusion through the lung circulatory system and using two different detergents (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS] and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate [CHAPS]). The local stiffness of the acellular lung matrix significantly depended on the site within the matrix (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p&lt;<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.001), ranging from \u223c15\u2009kPa at the alveolar septum to \u223c60\u2009kPa at the tunica intima. Acellular lung stiffness (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p=<\/jats:italic>\n                    0.003) depended significantly, albeit modestly, on the decellularization process. Whereas perfusion did not induce any significant differences in stiffness, the use of CHAPS resulted in a \u223c35% reduction compared with SDS, the influence of the detergent being more important in the tunica intima. In conclusion, lung matrix stiffness is considerably inhomogeneous, and conventional decellularization procedures do not result in substantially different local stiffness in the acellular lung.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2013.0325","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,1]],"date-time":"2013-10-01T12:21:23Z","timestamp":1380630083000},"page":"412-422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Effects of the Decellularization Method on the Local Stiffness of Acellular Lungs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Garreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquin","family":"Cortiella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Navajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Institut de Bioenginyeria de Catalunya","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramon","family":"Farr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Institut Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200807-072GO"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2011.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24112"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldr051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2011.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60073-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071910-124743"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2012.0340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0730"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0659"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2193"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1189345"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0754OC"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2011.0567"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2012.0250"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000324896"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","article-title":"Effects of freezing\/thawing on the mechanical properties of decellularized lungs","author":"Nonaka P.N.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nonaka P.N., , Campillo N., , Uriarte J.J., , Garreta E., , Melo E., , de Oliveira L.V., , Navajas D., , and Farr\u00e9 R. Effects of freezing\/thawing on the mechanical properties of decellularized lungs. 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