{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T21:05:21Z","timestamp":1781730321771,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tracheal tissue engineering has become an active area of interest among clinical and scientific communities; however, methods to evaluate success of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    tissue-engineered solutions remain primarily qualitative. These evaluation methods have generally relied on the use of photographs to qualitatively demonstrate tracheal patency, endoscopy to image healing over time, and histology to determine the quality of the regenerated extracellular matrix. Although those generally qualitative methods are valuable, they alone may be insufficient. Therefore, to quantitatively assess tracheal regeneration, we recommend the inclusion of microcomputed tomography (\u03bcCT) to quantify tracheal patency as a standard outcome analysis. To establish a standard of practice for quantitative \u03bcCT assessment for tracheal tissue engineering, we recommend selecting a constant length to quantify airway volume. Dividing airway volumes by a constant length provides an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">average<\/jats:italic>\n                    cross-sectional area for comparing groups. We caution against selecting a length that is unjustifiably large, which may result in artificially inflating the average cross-sectional area and thereby diminishing the ability to detect actual differences between a test group and a healthy control. Therefore, we recommend selecting a length for \u03bcCT assessment that corresponds to the length of the defect region. We further recommend quantifying the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">minimum<\/jats:italic>\n                    cross-sectional area, which does not depend on the length, but has functional implications for breathing. We present empirical data to elucidate the rationale for these recommendations. These empirical data may at first glance appear as expected and unsurprising. However, these standard methods for performing \u03bcCT and presentation of results do not yet exist in the literature, and are necessary to improve reporting within the field. Quantitative analyses will better enable comparisons between future publications within the tracheal tissue engineering community and empower a more rigorous assessment of results.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Impact statement<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The current study argues for the standardization of microcomputed tomography (\u03bcCT) as a quantitative method for evaluating tracheal tissue-engineered solutions\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo or ex vivo.<\/jats:italic>\n                      The field of tracheal tissue engineering has generally relied on the use of qualitative methods for determining tracheal patency. A standardized quantitative evaluation method currently does not exist. The standardization of \u03bcCT for evaluation of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies would enable a more robust characterization and allow comparisons between groups within the field. The impact of standardized methods within the tracheal tissue engineering field as presented in the current study would greatly improve the quality of published work.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2020.0211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T01:52:23Z","timestamp":1604368343000},"page":"590-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Standardization of Microcomputed Tomography for Tracheal Tissue Engineering Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jakob M.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Weatherly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jed K.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanofiber Solutions, Hilliard, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Detamore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000097"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-011-0318-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/acs.2018.01.17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.3019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198911000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215117000378"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90857-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e3282f45ab7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)03564-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(89)90777-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20750"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivx442"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2019.1624163"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599818802267"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2019.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2018.1533844"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38565-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419826134"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b00160"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201800983"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489419834313"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.01.073"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061624"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e31802e223d"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2015.0157"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2017.0437"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ab5e1b"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5102630"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2828"}],"container-title":["Tissue 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