{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:11:11Z","timestamp":1787062271753,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Regenerative medicine approaches to restore the mandibular condyle of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) may fill an unmet patient need. In this study, a method to implant an acellular regenerative TMJ prosthesis was developed for orthotopic implantation in a pilot goat study. The scaffold incorporated a porous, polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (PCL-HAp, 20wt% HAp) 3D printed condyle with a cartilage-matrix-containing hydrogel. A series of material characterizations was used to determine the structure, fluid transport, and mechanical properties of 3D printed PCL-HAp. To promote marrow uptake for cell seeding, a scaffold pore size of 152\u2009\u00b1\u200968\u2009\u03bcm resulted in a whole blood transport initial velocity of 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2\u2009mm\u00b7s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    transported to the full 1\u2009cm height. The Young's modulus of PCL was increased by 67% with the addition of HAp, resulting in a stiffness of 269\u2009\u00b1\u200920\u2009MPa for etched PCL-HAp. In addition, the bending modulus increased by 2.06-fold with the addition of HAp to 470\u2009MPa for PCL-HAp. The prosthesis design with an integrated hydrogel was compared with unoperated contralateral control and no-hydrogel group in a goat model for 6 months. A guide was used to make the condylectomy cut, and the TMJ disc was preserved. MicroCT assessment of bone suggested variable tissue responses with some regions of bone growth and loss, although more loss may have been exhibited by the hydrogel group than the no-hydrogel group. A benchtop load transmission test suggested that the prosthesis was not shielding load to the underlying bone. Although variable, signs of neocartilage formation were exhibited by Alcian blue and collagen II staining on the anterior, functional surface of the condyle. Overall, this study demonstrated signs of functional TMJ restoration with an acellular prosthesis. There were apparent limitations to continuous, reproducible bone formation, and stratified zonal cartilage regeneration. Future work may refine the prosthesis design for a regenerative TMJ prosthesis amenable to clinical translation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2023.0093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T08:30:17Z","timestamp":1687163417000},"page":"307-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Regenerative Engineering of a Biphasic Patient-Fitted Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Prosthesis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"David S.","family":"Nedrelow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA."},{"name":"College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Rassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boushra","family":"Ajeeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron P.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Huebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio G.","family":"Ritto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy R.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kar-Ming","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford W.","family":"Gildon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Allied Health, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob M.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Detamore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03710-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 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