{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:09:05Z","timestamp":1777939745774,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To investigate the effects of different amounts of lavage fluids on vital signs, inflammatory response, main organ function, and electrolytes on dogs with seawater-immersed open abdominal injury by portable peritoneal lavage device. Twenty dogs were randomly divided into four groups according to different irrigation volume and irrigation time, they were divided into group A (50\u2009mL\/min, 1 hour, 3\u2009L), group B (50\u2009mL\/min, 1.5 hours, 4.5\u2009L), group C (50\u2009mL\/min, 2 hours, 6\u2009L) and group D (50\u2009mL\/min, 3 hours, 9\u2009L). Seawater-immersed open abdominal injury dog model was developed and portable peritoneal lavage device was used for lavaging and rewarming. The change of blood pressure, body temperature, heart beat rate, serum tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-6, superoxide dismutase, and other indicators of each group were observed before and after immersion, and immediately, 1, 3, and 5 days after lavage. Immediately after lavage, the body temperature, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate of each group gradually recovered to normal, and the recovery rate of group C was faster than that of group A and group B. The indicator of central venous pressure (CVP) continued to decrease immediately after lavaging. CVP in group C was lower than that of groups A and B (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05, respectively). The inflammatory response was enhanced in all groups after immersion and after lavage, and reached the highest level at 1 day after lavage. The level of interleukin-1\u03b2 in group C was significantly lower than that in group A (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and no significant difference when compared with other groups on 1 day after lavage. Three days after lavage, all indexes gradually decreased to the level of preinjury. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactic dehydrogenase reached the highest level on 1 day after lavage, and the level of ALT in group C was lower than that in group A (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). On 1 and 3 days after lavage, the level of Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    in group C was lower than those in group A (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and no significant difference compared with those in group B and group D. Application of the portable abdominal lavage device with 6\u2009L of lavage fluid (group C) has the best effect of treatment for seawater-immersed open abdominal injury, which can maintain better vital signs and reduce inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ther.2021.0024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T09:19:36Z","timestamp":1642670376000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application of Portable Peritoneal Lavage Device to Explore the Effect of Different Lavage Fluid Volumes on Dogs with Seawater-Immersed Open Abdominal Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4238\/2015.June.8.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"Change in coagulation after open abdominal wound subjected to seawater immersion","volume":"5","author":"Cen J","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cen J, , Yang PD, , Shen JL, et al. Change in coagulation after open abdominal wound subjected to seawater immersion. Chin Crit Care Med, 2008; 5:291\u2013293.","journal-title":"Chin Crit Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"1372","article-title":"Effect of celiac seawater immersion on intestinal bacteria in rats with open celiac wound","volume":"16","author":"Han SQ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Han SQ, , Yu J-Y, , Gang L. Effect of celiac seawater immersion on intestinal bacteria in rats with open celiac wound. Pract Prev Med, 2009; 16:1372\u20131374.","journal-title":"Pract Prev Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"2551","article-title":"Changes in serum electrolyte levels after seawater immersion of open abdominal wound and drowning in dogs","volume":"11","author":"Huang Y-R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang Y-R, , Wang Z-W, , Li W-H, et al. Changes in serum electrolyte levels after seawater immersion of open abdominal wound and drowning in dogs. J Southern Med Univ, 2010; 11:2551.","journal-title":"J Southern Med Univ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Early-stage hemodynamic changes in dogs with gunshot wound in seawater","volume":"5","author":"Meng H","year":"2004","unstructured":"Meng H, , Shen H, , Liu G-W, et al. Early-stage hemodynamic changes in dogs with gunshot wound in seawater. Acad J First Med Coll PLA, 2004; 5:493.","journal-title":"Acad J First Med Coll PLA"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"34","article-title":"Effect of seawater immersion on pathologic changes of major organs in dogs after open abdominal injury","volume":"2004","author":"Wang YH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang YH, , Yu JY, , You DY. Effect of seawater immersion on pathologic changes of major organs in dogs after open abdominal injury. J of Traum Surg, 2004a;2004:34\u201337.","journal-title":"J of Traum Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Effect of peritoneal lavage with povine-iodine on prevention of postoperative sepsis after exposure of peritoneal cavity to sea water in rat","volume":"2","author":"Wang ZW","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang ZW, , Jin HS, , Luo Z-D, et al. Effect of peritoneal lavage with povine-iodine on prevention of postoperative sepsis after exposure of peritoneal cavity to sea water in rat. Chin Crit Care Med, 2004b;2:103\u2013105.","journal-title":"Chin Crit Care Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"700","article-title":"Hemodynamic and pathologic changes in open abdominal wound after seawater immersion in dog","volume":"38","author":"Yuhong W","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yuhong W, , Lu E, , Yu J. Hemodynamic and pathologic changes in open abdominal wound after seawater immersion in dog. Chin J Surg, 2000; 38:700\u2013702.","journal-title":"Chin J Surg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of vascular endothelial cells in disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by seawater immersion in a Rat Trauma Model","volume":"4","author":"Zhang D","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang D, , Qu J, , Xiong M, et al. Role of vascular endothelial cells in disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by seawater immersion in a Rat Trauma Model. Biomed Res Int, 2017; 4:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6132504"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/ther.2021.0024","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ther.2021.0024","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ther.2021.0024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:26:56Z","timestamp":1777699616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/ther.2021.0024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/ther.2021.0024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ther.2021.0024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2153-7658","2153-7933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2153-7658","type":"print"},{"value":"2153-7933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}}