{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:53:54Z","timestamp":1786629234391,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperthermia exposure is associated with poor neurological outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our aim was to describe fever in children with severe TBI admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for at least 72 hours and to evaluate associations between fever using a novel approach to describe thermal exposure and neurobehavioral outcomes. The cohort included children from birth to 17 years of age admitted to the PICU between 2000 and 2012 for at least 72 hours who had severe TBI with intracranial pressure monitoring. Patients with non-accidental TBI or pre-existing developmental delays were excluded. Hyperthermia was defined as a core temperature &gt;37.5\u00b0C. Hourly temperature measurements were used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) using the linear trapezoidal rule. Each participant was followed up at the Brain Injury Clinic 6 and 18 months postinjury. Neurobehavioral outcome scores were analyzed against AUC using standard statistical methods. Ninety-eight patients admitted with severe TBI met the study inclusion criteria. Hyperthermia\/fever was common (89.7%), and patients remained hyperthermic for a median of 9.4 hours. However, no statistically significant association was found between AUC and abnormal neurological outcomes. The follow-up rates were good at 6 (86.7%) and 18 months (83.7%). The neurological deficit improved with time, with \u201cfavorable outcomes\u201d increasing from 72% to 94% at the respective follow-up months. Our study used a novel method to describe patients' fever, providing a different indicator of thermal exposure than that previously reported. In addition, the AUC was well correlated with the maximum temperature recorded and the proportion of time &gt;37.5\u00b0C, indicating that it is a good surrogate for thermal exposure. Interestingly, the neurological disabilities of the patients improved over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ther.2022.0026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,10]],"date-time":"2022-11-10T10:57:50Z","timestamp":1668077870000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A 12-Year Audit of Neurological Outcomes Associated with Core Body Temperature &gt;37.5\u00b0C in Children with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0535-5436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Cavazzoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Boakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Critical Care Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.99685"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","unstructured":"AIWH 2020 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Traumatic brain injury in Australia. https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/injury\/treatment-pathways-brain-injury [Last accessed: May 20 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0311"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-12-26"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.82206"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hypothermia for traumatic brain injury in children\u2014A phase II randomized controlled trial","author":"Beca J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beca J, , McSharry B, , Erickson S, et al. Hypothermia for traumatic brain injury in children\u2014A phase II randomized controlled trial. critical care medicine, 2015; 1\u20139; doi: 10.1097\/ccm.0000000000000947","journal-title":"critical care medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2015.1075157"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0438"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2016.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000235245.49129.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.73.suppl_1.i23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/08977150260190456"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001735"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2012.672785"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200007000-00071"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.5.PEDS1544"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17518423.2012.671381"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","first-page":"195","article-title":"Non-accidental trauma in pediatric patients: A review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"3","author":"Paul AR","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paul AR, , Adamo MA. Non-accidental trauma in pediatric patients: A review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Transl Pediatr, 2014; 3(3):195\u2013207; doi: 10.3978\/j.issn.2224-4336.2014.06.01","journal-title":"Transl Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric deficits following traumatic brain injury: Common patterns and neuropathological mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"Ramezani S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramezani S, , Reihanian Z, , Nejad MH, et al. Neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric deficits following traumatic brain injury: Common patterns and neuropathological mechanisms. Iran J Neurosurg, 2018; 4(4):185\u2013198.","journal-title":"Iran J Neurosurg"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31826b0062"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3676-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2013.862739"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2004.9651928"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199708000-00030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199301000-00003"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/ther.2022.0026","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ther.2022.0026","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ther.2022.0026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:27:14Z","timestamp":1777699634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/ther.2022.0026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/ther.2022.0026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ther.2022.0026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2153-7658","2153-7933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2153-7658","type":"print"},{"value":"2153-7933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}}