{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:09:26Z","timestamp":1777939766588,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Fever is a recognized protective factor in patients with sepsis, and growing data suggest beneficial effects on outcomes in sepsis with elevated temperature, with a recent pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) showing lower mortality by warming afebrile sepsis patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The objective of this prospective single-site RCT was to determine if core warming improves respiratory physiology of mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), allowing earlier weaning from ventilation, and greater overall survival. A total of 19 patients with mean age of 60.5 (\u00b112.5) years, 37% female, mean weight 95.1 (\u00b118.6) kg, and mean body mass index 34.5 (\u00b15.9) kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation were enrolled from September 2020 to February 2022. Patients were randomized 1:1 to standard of care or to receive core warming for 72 hours through an esophageal heat exchanger commonly utilized in critical care and surgical patients. The maximum target temperature was 39.8\u00b0C. A total of 10 patients received usual care and 9 patients received esophageal core warming. After 72 hours of warming, the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2\/FiO2) ratios were 197 (\u00b132) and 134 (\u00b113.4), cycle thresholds were 30.8 (\u00b16.4) and 31.4 (\u00b13.2), ICU mortalities were 40% and 44%, 30-day mortalities were 30% and 22%, and mean 30-day ventilator-free days were 11.9 (\u00b112.6) and 6.8 (\u00b110.2) for standard of care and warmed patients, respectively (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009NS). This pilot study suggests that core warming of patients with COVID-19 undergoing mechanical ventilation is feasible and appears safe. Optimizing time to achieve febrile-range temperature may require a multimodal temperature management strategy to further evaluate effects on outcome.\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    Identifier: NCT04494867.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ther.2023.0030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T15:06:15Z","timestamp":1690902375000},"page":"225-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Core Warming of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9564-9536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel P.","family":"Bonfanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M.","family":"Mohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Willms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care, Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Bedimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, VA North Texas Health Care System and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Gundert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristina L.","family":"Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik B.","family":"Kulstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Texas at Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Drewry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ther.2022.0033"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000001001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243190"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02255-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/734690"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1441-2772(23)00758-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(89)80461-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002285"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001083"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0918"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005470"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3843"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1411030112"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2022.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.1.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30004-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1623"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01430-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10097"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030077"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad099"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2354-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7394.850"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000956"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170152"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312120928732"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2005.6.369"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181aa5568"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1975.03240240018017"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens","volume":"323","author":"Wang W","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang W, , Xu Y, , Gao R, et al. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA, 2020; 323(18):1843\u20131844; doi: 10.1001\/jama.2020.3786.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1508375"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05553-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117279"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2001737"}],"container-title":["Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/ther.2023.0030","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ther.2023.0030","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/ther.2023.0030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:27:43Z","timestamp":1777699663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/ther.2023.0030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/ther.2023.0030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ther.2023.0030","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.04.12.23287815","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2153-7658","2153-7933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2153-7658","type":"print"},{"value":"2153-7933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]}}}