{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T23:15:17Z","timestamp":1784157317705,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To investigate the effect of forced-air warming and heated intravenous (IV) and irrigation fluids alone and in combination on body temperature, shivering, thermal comfort, pain, nausea and vomiting in adult patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia in a prospective, four-group, randomized controlled trial. After induction of anesthesia, 120 patients were divided into the following groups: patients warmed with forced-air warming (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930), patients receiving warmed IV and irrigation fluid (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930), patients receiving warmed IV and irrigation fluid with forced-air warming (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930), and the control group without any intervention (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200930). Body temperature, shivering, thermal comfort, pain, nausea and vomiting were monitored in the first 24 hours after surgery. The general characteristics of the groups, mean body temperature, length of stay, ambient temperature, and duration of surgery in the preoperative waiting unit were similar (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Compared with the other groups, patients in the control group had a significant decrease in body temperature from the 30th minute during surgery (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), lower body temperature in the first 2 hours and thermal comfort in the first three hours after surgery (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and higher shivering levels in the first hour after surgery (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The study findings showed that normothermia was maintained in all three intervention groups during the surgery and in the first 24 hours after surgery. Moreover, postoperative thermal comfort increased and shivering levels decreased compared with the control group, but pain, nausea and vomiting levels were not affected. The study was registered on\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    (NCT04907617).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/ther.2023.0049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T16:43:53Z","timestamp":1701103433000},"page":"269-281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Active Heating Methods on Body Temperature, Shivering, Thermal Comfort, Pain, Nausea and Vomiting During General Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"\u015eahin Akbo\u011fa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, University of Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysel","family":"G\u00fcrkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Incidence of perioperative hypothermia: Where are we after 5 years?","volume":"27","author":"Aksu C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aksu C, , Ku\u015f A, Topba\u015f \u00d6, et al. Incidence of perioperative hypothermia: Where are we after 5 years?. JARSS, 2019; 27(3):198\u2013203.","journal-title":"JARSS"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","first-page":"983","article-title":"Incidence of postoperative hypothermia and factors effecting the development of hypothermia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery","volume":"14","author":"Aldemir K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aldemir K, , Yilmaz FT. Incidence of postoperative hypothermia and factors effecting the development of hypothermia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Int J Car Sci, 2021; 14(2):983\u2013990.","journal-title":"Int J Car Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","first-page":"CD009908","article-title":"Thermal insulation for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia","volume":"6","author":"Alderson P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alderson P, , Campbell G, , Smith AF, et al. Thermal insulation for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia. 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