{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T17:53:34Z","timestamp":1791568414069,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment of Graves' disease during pregnancy with antithyroid drugs (ATDs) poses a risk of inducing hypothyroidism and, thus, development of a goiter to the fetus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patient Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We report two patients referred to our department after discovery of a fetal goiter by ultrasound examination in the second trimester of pregnancy. The women receiving 400\u2009mg\/day propylthiouracil and 10\u2009mg\/day thiamizole, respectively, had thyrotropin and total thyroxine values within the normal reference range but a lowered free thyroxine level. Fetal blood sampling by cordocentesis revealed severe fetal hypothyroidism as the cause of goiter development. Reduction of maternal ATD dose and injection of levothyroxine intra-amniotically quickly reduced the goiter size, and both babies were born euthyroid and without goiters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two pregnant women with Graves' disease were overtreated with ATDs inducing iatrogenic goiter in the fetuses. Successful treatment with intra-amniotic levothyroxine injections rendered the babies euthyroid and nongoitrous at birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Correct interpretation of thyroid function tests during pregnancy in general\u2014and during ATD therapy of Graves' disease in particular\u2014is difficult. Awareness of pregnancy-related changes in maternal thyroid status, and a close teamwork among endocrinologists, obstetricians, and experts in fetal medicine, is pivotal in ensuring normal growth and development of the unborn child of these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,17]],"date-time":"2010-12-17T01:25:29Z","timestamp":1292549129000},"page":"75-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Graves' Disease in Two Pregnancies Complicated by Fetal Goitrous Hypothyroidism: Successful\n                    <i>In Utero<\/i>\n                    Treatment with Levothyroxine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Sofie","family":"Bliddal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5se Krogh","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Sundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibeke","family":"Brocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Skovbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalborg Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Feldt-Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.119447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.685"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-25-3-403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.60"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.1570"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000092466"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000053880"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-0141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420320221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1072"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90640-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0652"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"FDA. 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