{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:00:29Z","timestamp":1783483229096,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]],"date-time":"2014-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401580800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Progesterone (P\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) is the main steroid secreted by the corpora lutea (CL) and is required for successful implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. Although adequate circulating levels of thyroid hormone (TH) are needed to support formation and maintenance of CL during pregnancy, TH signaling had not been described in this gland. We determined luteal thyroid hormone receptor isoforms (TR) expression and regulation throughout pregnancy and under the influence of thyroid status, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      effects of triiodothyronine (T\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) exposure on luteal P\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      synthesis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Euthyroid female Wistar rats were sacrificed by decapitation on gestational day (G) 5, G10, G15, G19, or G21 of pregnancy or on day 2 postpartum (L2). Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were induced in female Wistar rats by daily administration of thyroxine (T\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; 0.25\u2009mg\/kg subcutaneously) or 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU; 0.1\u2009g\/L in drinking water), respectively. Luteal TR expression of mRNA was determined using real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and of protein using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Primary cultures of luteal cells and of luteinized granulosa cells were used to study\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      effects of T\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      on P\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      synthesis. In addition, the effect of T\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      on P\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      synthesis under basal conditions and under stimulation with luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and prostaglandin E\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) was evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TR\u03b11, TR\u03b12, and TR\u03b21 mRNA were present in CL, increasing during the first half and decreasing during the second half of pregnancy. At the protein level, TR\u03b21 was abundantly expressed during gestation reaching a peak at G19 and decreasing afterwards. TR\u03b11 was barely expressed during early gestation, peaked at G19, and diminished thereafter. Expression of TR\u03b21 and TR\u03b11 at the protein and mRNA level were not influenced by thyroid status. T\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      neither modified P\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      secretion from CL of pregnancy nor its synthesis in luteinized granulosa cells in culture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study confirms for the first time the presence of TR isoforms in the CL during pregnancy and postpartum, identifying this gland as a TH target during gestation. TR expression is modulated in this tissue in accordance with the regulation of P\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      metabolism, and the abrupt peripartum changes suggest a role of TH during luteolysis. However, TH actions on the CL do not seem to be related to a direct regulation of P\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      synthesis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]],"date-time":"2014-03-31T11:15:38Z","timestamp":1396264538000},"page":"1040-1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Luteal Expression of Thyroid Hormone Receptors During Gestation and Postpartum in the Rat"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Paola B.","family":"Navas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET)","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anal\u00eda L.","family":"Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET)","place":["Argentina"]},{"name":"National University of Cuyo","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. Dar\u00edo","family":"Cuello-Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET)","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura M. Vargas","family":"Roig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET)","place":["Argentina"]},{"name":"National University of Cuyo","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana R.","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET)","place":["Argentina"]},{"name":"National University of Cuyo","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graciela A.","family":"Jahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET)","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda B.","family":"Hapon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET)","place":["Argentina"]},{"name":"National University of Cuyo","place":["Argentina"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/davis1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-931799"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59999-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-121-4-1233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1220695"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1630463"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.60"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1999.77102749x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"55","article-title":"The effect of thyroid extract on luteal phase deficiency","volume":"18","author":"Naficy H","year":"1975","unstructured":"Naficy H, , Behjatnia Y. 1975. 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