{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:54:07Z","timestamp":1787759647904,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A role for female reproductive factors in the pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmunity has been suggested. This study investigated the prospective association between parity, abortion, use of oral contraceptive pill (OCP), and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and 11-year change in serum thyrotropin (TSH), as well as change in thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb) status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A random sample of 4649 people aged 18\u201365 years participated in a population-based study in the period 1997\u20131998. In the study presented here, 1749 non-pregnant women with no history of thyroid disease were included who participated in the 11-year follow-up examination in the period 2008\u20132010. Gynecological exposures were reported in a self-administered questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. TSH and TPOAb were measured at baseline and follow-up. Increased TPOAb status during follow-up was defined as a TPOAb below the assay cutoff (&lt;30\u2009kIU\/L) at baseline and a TPOAb \u226530\u2009kIU\/L at follow-up. Multiple linear regression models were used, adjusted for age, smoking status, and urinary iodine excretion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An inverse association was found between the number of years on HRT and the risk (odds ratio) of increased TPOAb status during follow-up (0.735 [confidence interval 0.558\u20130.968],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). However, this association was not statistically significant when applying the Bonferroni adjusted significance level. The remaining reproductive factors showed no statistically significant association with risk of increased TPOAb during follow-up. Furthermore, parity, abortions, use of OCP, HRT use, age at menarche, and being pre- or postmenopausal were not significantly associated with 11-year TSH change.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No statistically significant association was found between the studied female reproductive measures and 11-year risk of TSH or TPO change. A possible protective role for HRT in the etiology of thyroid autoimmunity, however, deserves further research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2014.0279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]],"date-time":"2015-12-29T04:45:43Z","timestamp":1451364343000},"page":"203-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Parity and 11-Year Serum Thyrotropin and Thyroid Autoantibody Change: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lena","family":"Bjergved","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Prevention and Health","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Bispebjerg University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Carl\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalborg University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torben","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Prevention and Health","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"University of Copenhagen","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Aalborg University","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Perrild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bispebjerg University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Laurberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalborg University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Aalborg University","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Krejbjerg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalborg University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Ovesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Slagelse Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"B\u00fclow Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aalborg University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lone Banke","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Denmark","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bispebjerg University Hospital","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2011.2112.ed"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(00)00249-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0813"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0041"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12232"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv.22.5.0441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2004.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02070"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1225616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0424"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072502753451995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)00110-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2265.2000.01121.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1430485"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-2508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"WHO UNICEF ICCIDD. 2007. 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