{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:04:42Z","timestamp":1792184682798,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macro-thyrotropin (TSH) is a high-molecular-weight form of TSH. Most cases of macro-TSH are TSH complexed with immunoglobulin G. This study was undertaken to characterize macro-TSH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Blood samples taken from patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were screened for the presence of macro-TSH with the polyethylene glycol method and confirmed with gel filtration chromatography. TSH receptor antibody was quantified with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Binding studies were performed using\n                      <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>\n                      I-human TSH, and the specificity of anti-TSH autoantibodies was tested by displacement experiments using excess amounts of the unlabeled related peptides. Macro-TSH and serum TSH levels were evaluated twice over a one- to four-year interval.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen patients (11 females and 5 males; aged 8\u201382 years) were diagnosed as having macro-TSH. None of the patients with macro-TSH tested positive for TSH receptor antibody. Judging from the affinity and the binding capacity of anti-TSH autoantibodies, two classes of binding sites were identified. Regarding specificity, there were anti-human TSH-\u03b2 autoantibodies that were partially cross-reactive to bovine and\/or rat TSH-\u03b2. There were also autoantibodies against human glycoprotein \u03b1, a common subunit among human TSH, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone. Macro-TSH persisted in 11\/13 patients who could be reevaluated over a one- to four-year interval after the first evaluation. Serum TSH levels returned to normal in the remaining two patients whose macro-TSH disappeared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is concluded that anti-human TSH autoantibodies are a major cause of macro-TSH and that macro-TSH may persist for a long time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,27]],"date-time":"2016-10-27T07:49:55Z","timestamp":1477554595000},"page":"138-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Anti-Thyrotropin Autoantibodies in Patients with Macro-Thyrotropin and Long-Term Changes in Macro-Thyrotropin and Serum Thyrotropin Levels"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Hattori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ritsumeikan University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kobe City General Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kobe City General Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kansai Medical University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Shimatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Institute","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198101293040506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.071050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2009.138"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.K08E-361"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02212.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3490"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563213476271"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12643"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329703400305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.6.7521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2005.02243.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-1007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"1226","article-title":"Autoantibody to human prolactin in patients with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia","volume":"75","author":"Hattori N","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hattori N, , Ishihara T, , Ikekubo K, , Moridera K, , Hino M, , Kurahachi H. 1992. 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