{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:44:38Z","timestamp":1790675078826,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Previous\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiments have demonstrated that prostaglandin F2-alpha (PF\n                      <jats:sub>2\u03b1<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) reduced proliferation and adipogenesis in a murine cell line and human orbital fibroblasts derived from subjects with inactive Graves' orbitopathy (GO). The objective of this study was to determine if the PGF\n                      <jats:sub>2\u03b1<\/jats:sub>\n                      analogue bimatoprost is effective at reducing proptosis in this population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A randomized controlled double-masked crossover trial was conducted in a single tertiary care academic medical center. Patients with long-standing, inactive GO but persistent proptosis (&gt;20\u2009mm in at least one eye) were recruited. Allowing for a 15% dropout rate, 31 patients (26 females) were randomized in order to identify a treatment effect of 2.0\u2009mm (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05; power 0.88). Following informed consent, participants were randomized to receive bimatoprost or placebo for three months, after which they underwent a two-month washout before switching to the opposite treatment. The primary outcome was the change in exophthalmometry readings over the two three-month treatment periods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean exophthalmometer at baseline was 23.6\u2009mm (range 20.0\u201330.5\u2009mm), and the mean age of the patients was 55 years (range 28\u201374 years). The median duration of GO was 7.6 years (interquartile range 3.6\u201312.3 years). The majority were still suffering from diplopia (61.3%) with bilateral involvement (61.3%). Using multi-level modeling adjusted for baseline, period, and carry-over, bimatoprost resulted in a \u22120.17\u2009mm (reduction) exophthalmometry change ([confidence interval \u22120.67 to +0.32];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.490). There was a mean change in intraocular pressure of \u22122.7\u2009mmHg ([confidence interval \u22124.0 to \u22121.4];\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0070). One patient showed periorbital fat atrophy on treatment, which resolved on stopping treatment. Independent analysis of proptosis by photographic images (all subjects) and subgroup analysis on monocular disease (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912) did not show any apparent benefit.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In inactive GO, bimatoprost treatment over a three-month period does not result in an improvement in proptosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T07:26:56Z","timestamp":1552894016000},"page":"563-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prostaglandin F2-Alpha Eye Drops (Bimatoprost) in Graves' Orbitopathy: A Randomized Controlled Double-Masked Crossover Trial (BIMA Trial)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mohd Shazli","family":"Draman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjana","family":"Haridas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Pell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Design Service-South West, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Foy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gloucestershire Research Support Service, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pakinee","family":"Pooprasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Onyebuchi","family":"Okosieme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Ludgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Dayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.82.7.773"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0383"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1220935"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.003616"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0596"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.opx.0000141791.16683.4a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e31817d81df"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2009.0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"51","article-title":"Prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy in latanoprost users","volume":"9","author":"Nakakura S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakakura S, , Yamamoto M, , Terao E, , Nagatomi N, , Matsuo N, , Fujisawa Y, , Fujio Y, , Tabuchi H, , Kiuchi Y. 2015. Prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy in latanoprost users. Clin Ophthalmol, 9:51\u201356.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sakata R Shirato S Miyata K Aihara M. 2014. Incidence of deepening of the upper eyelid sulcus in prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy with a latanoprost ophthalmic solution Eye (Lond). 28:1446\u20131451.","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2014.224"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)90500-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0194"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000907"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007630.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614949"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30021-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17469899.2016.1202113"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prro.2014.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2014.3659"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0194"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4882"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/187152211795495634"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-1140"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-017-0521-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","first-page":"2772","article-title":"Prostaglandins increase matrix metalloproteinase release from human ciliary smooth muscle cells","volume":"38","author":"Weinreb RN","year":"1997","unstructured":"Weinreb RN, , Kashiwagi K, , Kashiwagi F, , Tsukahara S, , Lindsey JD. 1997. Prostaglandins increase matrix metalloproteinase release from human ciliary smooth muscle cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 38:2772\u20132780.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"}],"container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/thy.2018.0506","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/thy.2018.0506","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/thy.2018.0506","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:05:10Z","timestamp":1777586710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/thy.2018.0506"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/thy.2018.0506"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2018.0506","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-7256","1557-9077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-7256","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}}}