{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:21:14Z","timestamp":1789021274948,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Graves' disease is one of the most common autoimmune conditions, but treatment remains imperfect. This study explores the first-in-human use of antigen-specific immunotherapy with a combination of two thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) peptides (termed ATX-GD-59) in Graves' hyperthyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twelve participants (11 female) with previously untreated mild to moderate Graves' hyperthyroidism were enrolled in a Phase I open label trial to receive 10 doses of ATX-GD-59 administered intradermally over an 18-week period. Adverse events, tolerability, changes in serum free thyroid hormones, and TSHR autoantibodies were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten subjects received all 10 doses of ATX-GD-59, five (50%) of whom had free triiodothyronine within the reference interval by the 18-week visit. Two further subjects had improved free thyroid hormones by the end of the study (7\/10 responders), whereas three subjects showed worsening thyrotoxicosis during the study. Serum TSHR autoantibody concentrations reduced during the study and correlated with changes in free thyroid hormones (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.85,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002 for TSHR autoantibody vs. free triiodothyronine). Mild injection-site swelling and pain were the most common adverse events.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These preliminary data suggest that ATX-GD-59 is a safe and well-tolerated treatment. The improvement in free thyroid hormones in 70% of subjects receiving the medication suggests potential efficacy as a novel treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T15:11:37Z","timestamp":1560438697000},"page":"1003-1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy with Thyrotropin Receptor Peptides in Graves' Hyperthyroidism: A Phase I Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Simon H.S.","family":"Pearce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Dayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Wraith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham United Kingdom."},{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham United Kingdom."},{"name":"Apitope Technology (Bristol) Ltd., Chepstow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Barrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apitope Technology (Bristol) Ltd., Chepstow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Olive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apitope Technology (Bristol) Ltd., Chepstow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lotta","family":"Jansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apitope International NV, Diepenbeek, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrie","family":"Walker-Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apitope Technology (Bristol) Ltd., Chepstow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Carnegie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apitope Technology (Bristol) Ltd., Chepstow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith F.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Apitope Technology (Bristol) Ltd., Chepstow, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristien","family":"Boelaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Higham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thyroid Research Group, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petros","family":"Perros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Unit, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Razvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bijay","family":"Vaidya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macleod Diabetes &amp; 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