{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T22:52:21Z","timestamp":1788648741883,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies have highlighted the adverse effects of long work hours on workers' health; however, the association of long work hours with thyroid function has not been studied. This study aimed at assessing long work hours as a risk factor for thyroid dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was based on data obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2013 to 2015. A total of 2160 adults who worked 36\u201383 hours per week were included. Thyroid function was defined based on the population thyroid-stimulating hormone reference ranges, after excluding individuals with positive results for thyroid peroxidase antibody. The association between work hours and thyroid function was confirmed via multinomial logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypothyroidism was more prevalent among those with longer work hours (3.5% vs. 1.4% for 53\u201383 and 36\u201342 work hours per week, respectively). Individuals who worked longer hours had an increased odds for hypothyroidism (odds ratio 1.46, confidence interval 1.12\u2009\u2212\u20091.90, per 10-hour increase in work hours per week), after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, urine iodine concentration, smoking status, work schedule, and socioeconomic status. The association between work hours and hypothyroidism was consistent in various subgroups stratified by sex or socioeconomic status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that long work hours are associated with hypothyroidism. Further large longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T04:14:08Z","timestamp":1585628048000},"page":"1432-1439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Long Work Hours Are Associated with Hypothyroidism: A Cross-Sectional Study with Population-Representative Data"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Young Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Collaboration Team, Research Core Center, Research Institute of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yul","family":"Hwangbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeon Chang","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messenger JC Lee S McCann D. 2007. Working Time Around the World: Trends in Working Hours Laws and Policies in a Global Comparative Perspective. International Labor Office Geneva.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203945216"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60295-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70178-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-395"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3388"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2017.32.1.106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2018.18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030398"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1438"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.21.2460"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2515"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2015.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2225"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07004-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0501"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01828"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5210"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40557-016-0141-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt228"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","unstructured":"Center for Labor Policy Analysis 2015 2015 KLI Labor Statistics. Korea Labor Institute Sejong-si."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0284"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000342623"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-012-2616-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.9052"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1709318"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19564-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(00)00234-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-018-0981-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207446"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2017.0656"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199403000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135233"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503321086962"}],"container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/thy.2019.0709","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/thy.2019.0709","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/thy.2019.0709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:06:48Z","timestamp":1777586808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/thy.2019.0709"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/thy.2019.0709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2019.0709","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-7256","1557-9077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-7256","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}