{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:25:46Z","timestamp":1782836746082,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The appropriate range of median urinary iodine concentration (MUI) in children has always been controversial. To prevent the occurrence of a goiter epidemic in Shanghai, we explored the appropriate range of MUI by integrating multiple monitoring results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study summarized and analyzed the monitoring data from 1997, 1999, 2011, 2014, and 2017 of children living in Shanghai. In each monitoring year, the probability-proportional-to-size sampling technique was used to select 30 sampling units. In each sampling unit, one primary school was randomly selected. From each selected school, 40 children 8- to 10-year-old were randomly recruited to measure thyroid volume (Tvol) and their household salt iodine intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 1997, 1999, 2011, 2014, and 2017, MUI of 8- to 10-year-old children was 228, 214, 182, 171, and 183\u2009\u03bcg\/L, and median Tvol (MTvol) was 2.9, 1.2, 1.0, 1.8, and 2.8\u2009mL, respectively. There was a linear correlation between goiter rate and MTvol (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.95,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014; 100\u2009\u00d7\u2009goiter rate\u2009=\u20091.314\u2009\u00d7\u2009MTvol \u22121.287). Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to predict MTvol as follows, MTvol\u2009=\u20090.60689\u2009+\u20090.00302 MUI +0.999928 s (MUI) \u22120.05172 mean salt iodized concentrations (MSIs) +0.03481\u2009\u00d7\u2009100\u2009\u00d7\u2009iodized salt coverage rate +0.00000969 per capita disposable income +0.271422\u2009s (per capita disposable income) \u22120.38772\u2009\u00d7\u2009monitoring year gap. The results revealed that the average relative error between predicted and actual value was 15.2%. GAM results showed that at 27\u2013277\u2009\u03bcg\/L MUI, the goiter rate was &lt;5%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iodine status is appropriate in Shanghai. Under the existing economy and MSI, the optimal range of MUI should be 70\u2013277\u2009\u03bcg\/L in 8- to 10-year-old children living in Shanghai.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]],"date-time":"2020-04-04T02:55:08Z","timestamp":1585968908000},"page":"1535-1540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Appropriate Range of Median Urinary Iodine Concentration in 8- to 10-Year-Old Children Based on Generalized Additive Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Zhengyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baozhang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajie","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueying","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General office, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoujun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","unstructured":"ICCIDD\/UNICEF\/WHO. 2001. Assessment of IDD and Monitoring Their Elimination: A Guide for Programme Managers. Second Edition. WHO Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0128"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","first-page":"4037","article-title":"2004\u2009A moderate and transient deficiency of maternal thyroid function at the beginning of fetal neocorticogenesis alters neuronal migration","author":"Auso E","unstructured":"Auso E, , Lavado-Autric R, , Cuevas E, , Del Rey FE, Morreale De Escobar G, Berbel P. 2004\u2009A moderate and transient deficiency of maternal thyroid function at the beginning of fetal neocorticogenesis alters neuronal migration. Endocrinology, 145:4037\u20134047.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","first-page":"246","article-title":"Meta-analysis on the relationship between children's intelligence and factors as iodine deficiency, supplement iodine and excessive iodine","volume":"23","author":"Qian M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Qian M, , Yan Y, , Chen Z, , Wang D. 2002. Meta-analysis on the relationship between children's intelligence and factors as iodine deficiency, supplement iodine and excessive iodine. Chin J Epidemiol, 23:246\u2013249.","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5041384"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1257-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-018-1370-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","unstructured":"ICCIDD\/UNICEF\/WHO. 2007. Assessment of Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Monitoring Their Elimination: A Guide for Programme Managers. Third Edition. World Health Organization Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3952"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539517709027"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","first-page":"494","article-title":"Goitre epidemiology: thyroid volume, iodine excretion, thyroglobulin and thyrotropin in Germany and Sweden","volume":"112","author":"Gutekunst R","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gutekunst R, , Smolarek H, , Hasenpusch U, , Stubbe P, , Friedrich HJ, , Wood WG, , Scriba PC. 1986. Goitre epidemiology: thyroid volume, iodine excretion, thyroglobulin and thyrotropin in Germany and Sweden. Acta Endocrinol, 112:494\u2013501.","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","unstructured":"WHO\/UNICEF\/ICCIDD. 1994. Indicators for Assessing Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Their Control Program Through Salt Ionization. WHO Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501300176417"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10618600.2012.729985"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","first-page":"2102","article-title":"Estimation and inference in generalized additive coefficient models for nonlinear interactions with high-dimensional covariates","volume":"43","author":"Shujie MA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shujie MA, , Carroll RJ, , Liang H, , Xu S. 2015. Estimation and inference in generalized additive coefficient models for nonlinear interactions with high-dimensional covariates. Ann Stat, 43:2102\u20132131.","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.0209"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","unstructured":"WHO\/UNICEF\/ICCIDD. 1993. Indicators for assessing iodine deficiency disorders and their control programmes. Review Version. WHO Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","volume-title":"People's Medical Publishing House","author":"Yan Y","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yan Y, , Zhang Y, , Liu L, , Liu J W L. 2006. Method for Determination of Iodine in Urine by As3+-Ce4+Catalytic Spectrophotometry (WS\/T 107\u20132006). People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","volume-title":"People's Medical Publishing House","author":"Xianyi Chen DS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xianyi Chen DS, , Liu S. 2003. Iodine Deficiency Disease Surveillance in China (2002). People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","article-title":"Does the dietary pattern of shanghai residents change across seasons and area of residence: assessing dietary quality using the Chinese diet balance index (DBI)","volume":"9","author":"Zang J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zang J, , Yu H, , Zhu Z, , Lu Y, , Liu C, , Yao C, , Bai P, , Guo C, , Jia X, , Zou S, Wu F 2017. Does the dietary pattern of shanghai residents change across seasons and area of residence: assessing dietary quality using the Chinese diet balance index (DBI). Nutrients, 9:pii: E251.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","first-page":"886","article-title":"[Dairy product intake and influencing factors in residents of Shanghai]","volume":"39","author":"Wang ZY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang ZY, , Zhu ZN, , Zang JJ, , Zou SR, , Luo BZ, , Jia XD, , Guo CY, , Wang JX, , Sun SF, , Wu F. 2018. [Dairy product intake and influencing factors in residents of Shanghai]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 39:886\u2013891.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","first-page":"78","article-title":"Prevention of low iodine goitre by casein in mice","volume":"70","author":"Axelrad AA","year":"1954","unstructured":"Axelrad AA, , Leblond CP. 1954. Prevention of low iodine goitre by casein in mice. Can Med Assoc J, 70:78\u201379; passim.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1450011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515001567"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070951"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12095"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.4.840"}],"container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/thy.2019.0813","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/thy.2019.0813","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/thy.2019.0813","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:07:00Z","timestamp":1777586820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/thy.2019.0813"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/thy.2019.0813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2019.0813","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-7256","1557-9077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-7256","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}}}