{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:18:43Z","timestamp":1790021923610,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Maternal subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, it is still unclear whether SCH affects male fertility. The aim of this study was to determine the association between paternal SCH and clinical outcomes after\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF\/ICSI).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study included 2511 couples with paternal euthyroidism (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092282) or SCH (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009229) who visited our clinic for infertility treatment between April 1, 2017, and September 30, 2019. The primary outcomes were the fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate; the secondary outcomes were the good-quality embryo rate, blastocyst formation rate, implantation rate, and early miscarriage rate. These outcomes were compared between the euthyroid and the SCH groups after adjusting for various potential confounders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean paternal ages in the euthyroid and SCH groups were 34.5 and 36.0 years, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002). Semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index were similar between the two groups (all\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The adjusted fertilization (0.69 vs. 0.71,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.30), good-quality embryo (0.49 vs. 0.52,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.31), blastocyst formation (0.51 vs. 0.53,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.57), and early miscarriage (0.11 vs. 0.10,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.81) rates were also similar between the two groups. There was a significantly decreased adjusted clinical pregnancy rate [confidence interval, CI] and implantation rate [CI] in the paternal SCH group compared with the euthyroid group (0.32 [0.26\u20130.40] vs. 0.42 [0.40\u20130.45],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009 for the clinical pregnancy rate; 0.24 [0.19\u20130.29] vs. 0.29 [0.27\u20130.31],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037 for the implantation rate). Stratified analysis indicated that these differences were only significant in men aged \u226535 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009 and 0.022, respectively) and not in men &lt;35 years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.39 and 0.45, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paternal SCH was associated with worse clinical outcomes after IVF\/ICSI, whereas this detrimental impact was only present in males \u226535 years old. Prospective studies and basic research are warranted to confirm these results and to clarify the mechanisms underlying these associations, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T02:33:43Z","timestamp":1593484423000},"page":"12-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Paternal Subclinical Hypothyroidism Affects the Clinical Outcomes of\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    Fertilization\/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Meng","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zexing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cunmei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruixue","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youlin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenfang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2019.0031"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","first-page":"322","article-title":"Effects of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism on obstetrical outcomes during early pregnancy","volume":"35","author":"Wang S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang S, , Teng WP, , Li JX, , Wang WW, , Shan ZY. 2012. 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