{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:09:54Z","timestamp":1791346194503,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Iodide transport defect is an uncommon cause of dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism due to homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SLC5A5<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene, which encodes the sodium\/iodide symporter (NIS), causing deficient iodide accumulation in thyroid follicular cells, thus impairing thyroid hormonogenesis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SLC5A5<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene variants were compiled from public databases and research articles exploring the molecular bases of congenital hypothyroidism. Using a dataset of 198 missense NIS variants classified as either benign or pathogenic, we developed and validated a machine learning-based NIS-specific variant classifier to predict the impact of missense NIS variants.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We generated a manually curated dataset containing 7793 unique\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SLC5A5<\/jats:italic>\n                      variants. As most databases compiled exome sequencing data, variant mapping revealed an increased density of variants in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SLC5A5<\/jats:italic>\n                      coding exons. Based on allele frequency (AF) analysis, we established an AF threshold of 1:10,000 above which a variant should be considered benign. Most pathogenic NIS variants were located in the protein-coding region, as most patients were genetically diagnosed by using a candidate gene strategy limited to this region. Significantly, we evidenced that 94.5% of missense NIS variants were classified as of uncertain significance. Therefore, we developed an NIS-specific variant classifier to improve the prediction of pathogenicity of missense variants. Our classifier predicted the clinical outcome of missense variants with high accuracy (90%), outperforming state-of-the-art pathogenicity predictors, such as REVEL, PolyPhen-2, and SIFT. Based on the excellent performance of our classifier, we predicted the mutational landscape of NIS. The analysis of the mutational landscape revealed that most missense variants located in transmembrane segments are frequently pathogenic. Moreover, we predicted that \u223c28% of all single-nucleotide variants that could cause missense NIS variants are pathogenic, thus putatively leading to congenital hypothyroidism if present in homozygous or compound heterozygous state.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We reported the first NIS-specific variant classifier aiming at improving the interpretation of missense NIS variants in clinical practice. Deciphering the mutational landscape for every protein involved in thyroid hormonogenesis is a relevant task for a deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms causing dyshormonogenic congenital hypothyroidism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T05:52:25Z","timestamp":1631512345000},"page":"1776-1785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impact of the Mutational Landscape of the Sodium\/Iodide Symporter in Congenital Hypothyroidism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Mariano","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina."},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Nicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina."},{"name":"Centro de Investigaciones en Bioqu\u00edmica Cl\u00ednica e Inmunolog\u00eda Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CIBICI-CONICET), C\u00f3rdoba, Argentina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034125"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00603"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201511365"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4948"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2018-00100"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02646-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","first-page":"240","article-title":"Clinical relevance of molecular diagnosis in patients with congenital hypothyroidism","volume":"11","author":"Nicola JP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nicola JP. 2017. 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