{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:20:28Z","timestamp":1790720428613,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metabolic disorders (MDs) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be associated with thyroid diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between MDs and various types of thyroid nodules (TNs), according to gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Thyroid Disorders, Iodine Status, and Diabetes Epidemiological (TIDE) survey in China. A total of 56,729 subjects \u226518 years of age were included. Thyroid gland morphology was assessed by thyroid standardized ultrasonography. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals [CIs] for any associations between MDs and TNs. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to gender and TN type (solitary, S-TN; multiple, M-TNs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of TNs was increased in several MDs, and was higher in women than men regardless of whether they suffered from MDs (22.0%, CI [21.6\u201322.5%] vs. 15.7%, CI [15.3\u201316.7%],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). TNs were associated with the presence of MDs (OR\u2009=\u20091.189, CI [1.107\u20131.278],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), hypercholesterolemia (OR\u2009=\u20091.235, CI [1.177\u20131.296],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; OR\u2009=\u20091.249, CI [1.186\u20131.316],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and hyperuricemia (OR\u2009=\u20091.206, CI [1.126\u20131.293],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). MDs and MetS were, respectively, significantly associated with TNs, S-TNs, and M-TNs in men, while MDs were significantly associated with the three TN profiles in women. With respect to dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and high LDL-C had the strongest association with TNs, whereas hypertriglyceridemia had no effect.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TNs (especially M-TNs) may be associated with MDs and their various components, and there appear to be some gender-specific associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2021.0686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T03:07:03Z","timestamp":1648004823000},"page":"571-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Gender-Specific Associations Between Metabolic Disorders and Thyroid Nodules: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study from China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0176-2715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanwei","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guixia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8782-3314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongze","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4802-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2849-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyan","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-6192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiping","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics 2012 Crude and age-adjusted percentage of civilian noninstitutionalized adults with diagnosed diabetes United States 1980\u20132010. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ed). Division of Diabetes Translation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2015.0020"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"Current diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules","volume":"48","author":"Pemayun TG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pemayun TG. 2016. Current diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules. 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Relationship between metabolic syndrome and multinodular non-toxic goiter in an inpatient population from a geographic area with moderate iodine deficiency. 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