{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:06:17Z","timestamp":1785870377497,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjects receiving levothyroxine (LT4) treatment have increased prevalence of depression, anxiety, and antidepressant use, but whether the underlying mechanism relates to thyroid autoimmunity is still unclarified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a population-based longitudinal study. Baseline biochemical and questionnaire data from the Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS) in 2010-2013 were linked with individual-level longitudinal data in national health registries. The aim was to investigate the associations between thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) and LT4 treatment, separately and through interaction, and at least one redeemed prescription for antidepressants. Logistic and Cox regression were used to evaluate initiation of antidepressant use before and after the baseline examination in GESUS, respectively. All exposures and covariates were fixed at the date of baseline examination. Thyroid autoimmunity was defined as serum TPOAbs &gt;60\u2009U\/mL. Adjustments included sex, age, education, income, Charlson comorbidity index, smoking, and alcohol. Sensitivity analyses were performed for missing variables, exclusion of lithium use, exclusion of thyroid surgery, and conservative definitions for LT4 treatment and antidepressant use requiring at least two prescriptions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 12,894 individuals, of whom 2353 (18%) had \u201cpast or current\u201d antidepressant use at baseline, leaving 10,541 individuals at risk for incident antidepressant use after baseline. The median follow-up was 7.8 years during which 783 individuals (7.4% of 10,541 individuals) had incident antidepressant use. TPOAb positivity was not associated with \u201cpast or current\u201d (odds ratio [OR] 0.90 [confidence interval, CI 0.78\u20131.03],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.13) nor incident antidepressant use (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02 [CI 0.83\u20131.25],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.88). LT4 treatment was associated with increased \u201cpast or current\u201d antidepressant use (OR 1.33 [CI 1.10\u20131.62],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) and increased incident antidepressant use (HR 1.38 [CI 1.03\u20131.85],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). There were no interactions between the effects of TPOAb positivity and LT4 treatment on the use of antidepressants in logistic (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.87) or Cox regression models (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.82). Sensitivity analyses were robust, except that incident use of at least two redeemed antidepressant prescriptions was not statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LT4 treatment, but not TPOAb positivity, was associated with increased prevalent or incident antidepressant use with at least one prescription. Our findings do not support that thyroid autoimmunity is an important factor for antidepressant use in patients receiving LT4 treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2022.0335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T09:36:05Z","timestamp":1665567365000},"page":"1477-1487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of Levothyroxine Treatment and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies with Antidepressant Use: A Danish Population-Based Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5882-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian Zinck","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeppe Lerche","family":"la Cour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6001-7440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torquil","family":"Watt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen Kim","family":"Kanters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik Enghusen","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark."},{"name":"Derpartment of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Faber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3088-4375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Ellervik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Data Support, Region Zealand, Sor\u00f8, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birte","family":"Nygaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital\u2014Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02068"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bliddal S Nielsen CH Feldt-Rasmussen U. 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