{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T15:13:13Z","timestamp":1784214793515,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Increased height has been associated with increased risk of hypothyroidism or thyroid cancer in epidemiological studies. However, the potential causal association between height and hypothyroidism or thyroid cancer has not been thoroughly explored. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) mainly presents as hypothyroidism, thus we aim to evaluate the causal relationship between height as exposure and its association with AITD or thyroid cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed by using genetic instruments associated with height, which were selected from the largest genome-wide association meta-analysis for height in up to 5.4 million individuals. Summary-level data for AITD and thyroid cancer (including 30,234 and 3001 cases, respectively) were collected from the large number of available genome-wide association studies. Bidirectional MR was performed to test for reverse causal association between AITD and adult height.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MR analyses showed that increased genetically predicted height was associated with a 4% increased risk of AITD ([CI 1.02 to 1.07],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value\u2009=\u20091.99E-03) per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted height. The bidirectional MR did not show any causal association between AITD and adult height. Additionally, increased genetically predicted height was associated with 15% increased risk of thyroid cancer ([CI 1.07 to 1.23],\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      -value\u2009=\u20092.32E-04) per 1-SD increase in height. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the main results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This MR study showed that 1-SD increase in genetically predicted height was associated with increased risk of AITD and thyroid cancer. In contrast, there was no evidence of a causal association of genetically predicted AITD with height. These results could further aid in investigation of height-related pathways as a means of gaining new mechanistic insights into AITD and thyroid cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2023.0272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T07:47:36Z","timestamp":1695973656000},"page":"1476-1482","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Height, Autoimmune Thyroid Disease, and Thyroid Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3158-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areti","family":"Papadopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3837-2101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f8rn O.","family":"\u00c5svold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway."},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5422-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Ku\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Medici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalie","family":"Sterenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8309-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Teumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany."},{"name":"DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9251-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panos","family":"Deloukas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6179-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirini","family":"Marouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom."},{"name":"Digital Environment Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United 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