{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T15:33:12Z","timestamp":1783697592100,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although childhood exposure to radioactive iodine-131 (I-131) is an established risk factor for thyroid cancer, evidence for an association with thyroid nodules is less clear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between childhood I-131 exposure and prevalence of ultrasound-detected thyroid nodules overall and by nodule histology\/cytology (neoplastic\/suspicious\/non-neoplastic), size (&lt;10 mm\/\u226510 mm), and number (single\/multiple).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a cross-sectional study of radiation dose (mean = 0.53 gray, range: 0.0003\u201331 gray) and screen-detected thyroid nodules conducted in 1998\u20132000 (median population age 21.5 years) in a cohort of 13,243 residents of Ukraine who were under 18 years at the time of the Chornobyl accident on April 26, 1986. Excess odds ratios per gray (excess odds ratio [EOR]\/Gy) and confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 13,078 eligible individuals, we identified 358 (2.7%) with at least one thyroid nodule. Significantly increased dose\u2013response associations were found for all nodules and nodule groups with doses &lt;5 Gy except individuals with non-neoplastic nodules. Among individuals with doses &lt;5 Gy, the EOR\/Gy for neoplastic nodules (5.35; CI: 2.19\u201315.5) was significantly higher than for non-neoplastic nodules (0.24; CI: 0.07\u20130.74), but the EOR\/Gy did not vary by nodule size or number.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Childhood exposure to I-131 is associated with an increased risk of thyroid nodules detected 12\u201314 years following exposure, and the risk for neoplastic nodules is higher than for non-neoplastic nodules. Analyses of incident thyroid nodules may help clarify dose\u2013response patterns by nodule characteristics and provide insights into thyroid nodule etiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2023.0654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T07:11:00Z","timestamp":1715929860000},"page":"890-898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules in Residents of Ukraine Exposed as Children or Adolescents to Iodine-131 from the Chornobyl Accident"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8028-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth Khaykin","family":"Cahoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyohiko","family":"Mabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9772-0669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim Zhiming","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Drozdovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Hatch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0980-7567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark P.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamau O.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetiana I.","family":"Bogdanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeniy","family":"Shelkovoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor M.","family":"Shpak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galyna","family":"Terekhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galyna","family":"Zamotayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihor P.","family":"Pasteur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergii V.","family":"Masiuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Institution \u201cNational Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine\u201d, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mykola","family":"Chepurny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Institution \u201cNational Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Hematology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine\u201d, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0778-1108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia B.","family":"Zablotska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9565-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The New York Thyroid Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"O\u2019Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mykola D.","family":"Tronko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8556-3907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina V.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA."},{"name":"Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Epidemiology, Hiroshima, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2007-0212"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2008.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2996"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","volume-title":"United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation: Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation","author":"UNSCEAR","year":"2013","unstructured":"UNSCEAR. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation: Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation. New York, USA; United Nations.: 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.6692"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj244"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1002674"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605967"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji129"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR14213.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm301"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwv127"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3842"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/3148"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR3545.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.20002"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e31829f3096"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RADE-21-00152.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-021-00896-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0b013e31826e188e"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33145\/2304-8336-2020-25-285-299"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1070506"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3578452"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-4250-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-3242-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","unstructured":"Preston DL Lubin JH Pierce DA et al. Epicure Risk Regression and Person-Year Computation Software: Command Summary and User Guide. Risk Sciences International: Ottawa; 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15533"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abg2538"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2005.15.1291"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2010.0143"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_32_2","unstructured":"WHO\/NMH\/NHD\/EPG\/13.1. Urinary iodine concentrations for determining iodine status in populations. 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2014.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2438"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0356"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22321"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.372"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085723"}],"container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/thy.2023.0654","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/thy.2023.0654","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/thy.2023.0654","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:11:27Z","timestamp":1777587087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/thy.2023.0654"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/thy.2023.0654"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2023.0654","relation":{},"ISSN":["1050-7256","1557-9077"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1050-7256","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-9077","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}}}