{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:46:10Z","timestamp":1791999970505,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Thyroid\u00ae"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Concerns have been raised that glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) may increase the risk of thyroid cancer, but evidence remains conflicting. We therefore investigated if GLP1-RA use, compared with use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), was associated with thyroid cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multisite cohort study with subsequent meta-analysis included six population-based databases from Canada (Ontario), Denmark, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, and Taiwan. Study populations comprised patients with type 2 diabetes between 2007 and 2023. Cox regression models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for thyroid cancer among GLP1-RA users compared with DPP-4is. Models were weighted using standardized mortality ratio weights generated from time-specific propensity scores. Site-specific HRs were pooled using a fixed-effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 98,147 users of GLP1-RA and 2,488,303 users of DPP-4i, with the median follow-up among users of GLP1-RA ranging from 1.8 to 3.0 years. Overall, use of GLP1-RA relative to use of DPP-4i was not associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer (pooled weighted HR 0.81, CI 0.59\u20131.12). Similarly, we observed no increased risk in thyroid cancer with increasing cumulative dose of GLP1-RA among GLP1-RA ever-users. Subgroup analysis of types of thyroid cancer was not possible. Results remained consistent across a range of supplementary analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large multisite study, utilizing data from six population-based databases, we found no evidence that GLP1-RA use is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer with follow-up ranging from 1.8 to 3.0 years, providing some reassurance to patients and clinicians about the short-term safety of these drugs. Nevertheless, evidence was insufficient to rule out excess risk with long-term use, due to the short follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2024.0387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T04:20:40Z","timestamp":1736310040000},"page":"69-78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Thyroid Cancer: An International Multisite Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Public Health, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Christian","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob H.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Brix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Heged\u00fcs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyuki Hsing-Chun","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan."},{"name":"Population Health Data Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris Tzu-Ting","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan."},{"name":"Population Health Data Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Chun-Yuan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical 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Taiwan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swaleh","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Women\u2019s College Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cherry","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women\u2019s College Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"ICES, Toronto, Canada."},{"name":"Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, 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