{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:30:50Z","timestamp":1777876250830,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Telemedicine and e-Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"\n \n Background:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n We successfully created and implemented an effective HIV rapid testing training and certification curriculum using traditional in-person trainings at multiple sites within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System.<\/jats:italic>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Considering the multitude of geographically remote facilities in the nationwide VA system, coupled with the expansion of HIV diagnostics, we developed an alternate training method that is affordable, efficient, and effective.<\/jats:italic>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Using materials initially developed for in-person HIV rapid test in-services, we used a distance learning model to offer this training via live audiovisual online technology to educate clinicians at a remote outpatient primary care VA facility.<\/jats:italic>\n \n Results:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n Participants' evaluation metrics showed that this form of remote education is equivalent to in-person training; additionally, HIV testing rates increased considerably in the months following this intervention. Although there is a one-time setup cost associated with this remote training protocol, there is potential cost savings associated with the point-of-care nurse manager's time productivity by using the Internet in-service learning module for teaching HIV rapid testing. If additional in-service training modules are developed into Internet-based format, there is the potential for additional cost savings. Our cost analysis demonstrates that the remote in-service method provides a more affordable and efficient alternative compared with in-person training.<\/jats:italic>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:bold>\n The online in-service provided training that was equivalent to in-person sessions based on first-hand supervisor observation, participant satisfaction surveys, and follow-up results. This method saves time and money, requires fewer personnel, and affords access to expert trainers regardless of geographic location. Further, it is generalizable to trainings beyond HIV rapid testing. Based on these consistent implementation successes, we plan to expand use of online training to include remote VA satellite facilities spanning several states for a variety of diagnostic devices. Ultimately, Internet-based training has the potential to provide \u201cbig city\u201d quality of care to patients at remote (rural) clinics.<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2010.0187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,15]],"date-time":"2011-04-15T03:13:50Z","timestamp":1302837230000},"page":"335-340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Interactive Internet-Based Clinical Education: An Efficient and Cost-Savings Approach to Point-of-Care Test Training"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Herschel","family":"Knapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kee","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System"},{"name":"Edith Nurse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital"},{"name":"Boston University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry D.","family":"Anaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Goetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System"},{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA"},{"name":"VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-8-200304150-00007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.17.1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"430","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control (US). HIV and AIDS\u2014United States, 1981\u20132001","volume":"50","year":"2001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (US). HIV and AIDS\u2014United States, 1981\u20132001. MMWR, 2001; 50:430\u2013434.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Delayed presentation for HIV care among veterans: An opportunity for intervention","author":"Gandhi NR","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gandhi NR et al. Delayed presentation for HIV care among veterans: An opportunity for intervention. Annual meeting, 13th Conference on Retrovirus and Opportunistic Infections, Denver, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa042657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control (US). Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health\u2014care settings","volume":"55","author":"Branson BM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Branson BM, , Handsfield HH, , Lampe MA, , Janssen RS, , Taylor AW, , Lyss SB, , Clark JE. Centers for Disease Control (US). Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health\u2014care settings. MMRW Recomm Rep, 2006; 55:1\u201317quiz CE1-4.","journal-title":"MMRW Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2006.20.79"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30354-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200303010-00012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"196","article-title":"Barriers: A critical review of recent literature","volume":"37","author":"Melnyk KAM","year":"1998","unstructured":"Melnyk KAM. Barriers: A critical review of recent literature. Nurs Res, 1998; 37:196\u2013201.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control (US). Revised guidelines for HIV counseling, testing, and referral","volume":"50","year":"2001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control (US). Revised guidelines for HIV counseling, testing, and referral. MMWR Recomm Rep, 2001; 50:1\u201357quiz CE1-19a1-CE6-19a1.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.10.3.278"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Emergency department-based HIV screening and counseling: Experience with rapid and standard serologic testing","volume":"33","author":"Kelen GD","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kelen GD, , Shahan JB, , Quinn TC. Emergency department-based HIV screening and counseling: Experience with rapid and standard serologic testing. Ann Intern Med, 1999; 33:147\u2013155.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199708000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"Kroc K Kendrick S Withum D et al. Rapid HIV testing in an emergency department. www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/topics\/testing\/resources\/abstracts\/rt-emergency.htm. 2006 September 12."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","volume-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis: methods and applications","author":"Levin HM","year":"2000","unstructured":"Levin HM, , McEwan PJ. Cost-effectiveness analysis: methods and applications, 2nd. 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