{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:58:55Z","timestamp":1789570735618,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Telemedicine and e-Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Purpose:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">To evaluate the relative diagnostic value of nonmydriatic fundus photography (nFP) among patients screened for diabetic retinopathy in remote rural medical clinics and an urban academic medical center for nonadherence to recommended annual dilated eye examination.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed among diabetic patients seen in primary outpatient clinics between 2006 and 2011 who were screened for diabetic retinopathy with nFP for history of nonadherence to recommended annual dilated eye examination. A single nonstereoscopic, 45\u00b0, 10-megapixel digital image of the disc and macula of both eyes was obtained locally and transmitted electronically to a retinal specialist for remote review. The results from remote rural Native American Indian reservations were compared with those from an urban academic family practice clinic. The proportion of subjects diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy and the quality of fundus images were compared.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Among 872 patients (1,744 eyes) screened from rural sites and 517 subjects (1,034 eyes) screened from an urban site, images were of good quality for evaluation in 82.4% and 85.7% of subjects, respectively. Diabetic retinopathy was noted in 12.6% of rural subjects and 29.6% of urban subjects (<\/jats:italic>\n                    p\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">&lt;0.001).<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Conclusions:<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">nFP can be a useful tool in both rural and urban settings to screen for diabetic retinopathy in patients who are nonadherent to the recommended dilated annual eye exam. In our study population, a surprisingly higher percentage of diabetic subjects screened from the urban clinic had retinopathy compared with subjects screened in rural clinics.<\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2013.0042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,12]],"date-time":"2013-11-12T12:40:52Z","timestamp":1384260052000},"page":"102-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Nonmydriatic Fundus Photography for Teleophthalmology Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Rural and Urban Clinics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Eric K.","family":"Chin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Eye Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna V.","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Eye Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Yin","family":"See","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Eye Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joann","family":"Seibles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Medical Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna S.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Davis Eye Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011 national diabetes fact sheet. Available at www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/pubs\/factsheet11.htm (last accessed May16 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"166","volume-title":"Basic ophthalmology","author":"Bradford CA","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bradford CA. Basic ophthalmology, 8th ed. San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2004:166\u2013170.","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. Diabetic retinopathy: Causes and risk factors. 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Conn Med, 2012; 76:85\u201390.","journal-title":"Conn Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00061198-199912000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20110616-02"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(03)00817-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.11.1946"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2003.026385"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01522-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2009.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(99)00010-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6871.187"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in various ethnic groups: A worldwide perspective","volume":"28","author":"Sivaprasad S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sivaprasad S, , Gupta B, , Crosby-Nwaobi R, , Evans J. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in various ethnic groups: A worldwide perspective. Surv Ophthalmol, 2012; 28:1\u201324.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","first-page":"920","article-title":"The National Eye Health Education Program: Increasing awareness of diabetic eye disease among American Indians and Alaska Natives","volume":"16","author":"Silver K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silver K, , Williams M, , Macario E. The National Eye Health Education Program: Increasing awareness of diabetic eye disease among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Ethn Dis, 2006; 16:920\u2013925.","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","first-page":"377","article-title":"Inertia and treatment compliance in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care","volume":"138","author":"L\u00f3pez-Simarro F","year":"2012","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Simarro F, , Brotons C, , Moral I, , Cols-Sagarra C, , Selva A, , Aguado-Jodar A, , Miravet-Jim\u00e9nez S. 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