{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:25:14Z","timestamp":1787646314853,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Telemedicine and e-Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Indigenous people are often neglected in eye health research and service delivery programs, despite having a greater burden of vision loss, most of which is avoidable. The objective of this work was to improve access to specialist eye care for Indigenous Australians living in rural and remote areas, by providing direct access to expert diagnostic services based in metropolitan areas through a tele-ophthalmology system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a four-year study period, 13 remote communities in Queensland and the Northern Territory were identified that had limited or no access to eye screening services. Relationships with health service providers in the communities were established to codesign a sustainable model of service delivery and referral pathways to ensure that patients identified with eye issues received appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the course of the study, screening records from 378 patients were uploaded to a web-based telehealth system and diagnosed by ophthalmologists. From these examinations, 64 new cases of diabetic retinopathy (DR) were identified (including 2 cases of proliferative DR and 4 cases of severe nonproliferative DR), and diabetic macular edema was noted in 18 patients. The majority of participants screened had no eye problems, which enables the removal of these patients from the queues of overwhelmed specialist lists, improving service efficiency. The study also demonstrates capacity building of healthcare workers to perform eye screening and improved patient health awareness where the retinal cameras were used as an educational tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A valuable screening service has been established in the target areas, where access to ophthalmic services has been improved for residents of the study screening locations. Routine eye examination (instead of opportunistic eye examination) is feasible for early detection of some eye diseases for remote and rural patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2024.0175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T09:20:41Z","timestamp":1722244841000},"page":"2721-2730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Improving Access to Specialist Eye Care for Indigenous Australians via Telehealth: An Observational Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9025-1441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Boyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janardhan","family":"Vignarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Perth, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9587-0070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin P.","family":"Greenup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health, Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gidgee Healing, Mount Isa, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laynhapuy Homelands Aboriginal Corporation, acting through Laynhapuy Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services, Yirrkala, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garry","family":"Brian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tharmalingam","family":"Mahendrarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hema","family":"Karthik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laynhapuy Homelands Aboriginal Corporation, acting through Laynhapuy Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services, Yirrkala, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Neilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Health, Weipa, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Tame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanguard Health, C\/- Weipa Hospital, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Malavisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marthakal Homeland &amp; Resource Centre Aboriginal Corporation, acting though the Marthakal Homelands Health Service, Elcho Island, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00345-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.0597"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62124-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2008.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. Estimates of aboriginal and torres strait Islander Australians. : ABS; Canberra; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/statistics\/people\/aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples\/estimates-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-australians\/latest-release [Last accessed: June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12338"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","unstructured":"Guidelines for the management of diabetic retinopathy prepared by the Australian diabetes society for the department of health and ageing Commonwealth of Australia. 2008."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13123"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","unstructured":"Foreman J Keel S Xie J et al. The National Eye Health Survey 2016: Full report of the first national survey to determine the prevalence and major causes of vision impairment and blindness in Australia prepared by the Centre for Eye Research Australia and Vision 2020 Australia 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","volume-title":"Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health survey: first results, Australia, 2012-13","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2013","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2013). Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health survey: first results, Australia, 2012-13: Australian Bureau of Statistics. Canberra."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00989"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","volume-title":"Indigenous eye health measures 2021. IHW","year":"2021","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2021. Indigenous eye health measures 2021. IHW, 261. : AIHW: Canberra."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-021-01586-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.1998.tb01525.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","unstructured":"Vision 2020 Australia. Strong eyes strong communities\u2014A five year plan for Aboriginal and torres strait islander eye health and vision 2019\u20132024; 2019. Available from: https:\/\/www.vision2020australia.org.au\/resources\/strong-eyes-strong-communities [Last accessed: June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","unstructured":"Taylor HR Jatkar U Anjou MD. The roadmap to close the gap for vision indigenous eye health melbourne school of population and global health The University of Melbourne; 2015. Available from: https:\/\/mspgh.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0006\/1984173\/roadmap-summary-september-2015.pdf [Last accessed: June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2020.0006"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","unstructured":"The value of indigenous sight PwC report commissioned by University of Melbourne Indigenous eye health;. 2015. Available from: https:\/\/mspgh.unimelb.edu.au\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0011\/2260865\/value-of-indigenous-sight-sep2015.pdf [Last accessed: June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","unstructured":"National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation. Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations (ACCHOs);. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.naccho.org.au\/acchos\/ [Last accessed: June 2024]."},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-9071.2003.00596.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.12290"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2005.tb00018.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02278.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2006.01215.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2010.02256.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13596"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_29_2","volume-title":"Cooperative Research Centre for Developing Northern Australia","author":"Edelman A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edelman A, , Grundy J, , Moodley N, et al. 2020. Northern Australia health service delivery situational analysis. 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