{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:44:46Z","timestamp":1777877086914,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transgender Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) and gender-affirming procedures on the skin in transgender individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study among transgender people. Skin conditions related to GAHT were assessed, including acne (using the Investigator's Global Assessment, IGA), postacne sequelae, melasma, hypertrichosis in androgen-sensitive areas (HAAs) in transgender men (TM) and hirsutism in transgender women (TW) (using the modified Ferriman\u2013Gallwey score, mFG score), and hair loss (using the Hamilton\u2013Norwood and Ludwig scale) at baseline, 6 months after GAHT, and the day on which the questionnaire was completed. Dermatological problems after gender-affirming procedures were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 159 patients, including 134 TM and 25 TW, were eligible to participate. The median duration of GAHT was 23 and 36 months in TM and TW, respectively. In TM, the median IGA score of facial acne increased from 1 at baseline to 3 after 6 months and decreased to 2 after 2 years of GAHT. The mFG score indicated HAA in all TMs after testosterone treatment. A total of 88.1% of TM had no hair loss before hormone therapy. However, after 2 years of GAHT, 76.1% of TM developed male pattern hair loss (MPHL), and 26.1% of them had moderate-to-severe MPHL. In TW, the median IGA and mFG scores decreased after 3 years of hormone therapy, and the proportion of female pattern hair loss (FPHL) in TW increased to 16% after GAHT. In both groups, the most common skin complication after gender-affirming surgery was hypertrophic scarring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GAHT in TM resulted in acne and MPHL, whereas GAHT in TW caused melasma and FPHL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2021.0105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T09:41:41Z","timestamp":1642671701000},"page":"89-99","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Characterizing Dermatological Conditions in the Transgender Population: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8268-8790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suthinee","family":"Rutnin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Dermatology and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9723-0563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Poonkiat","family":"Suchonwanit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Dermatology and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5870-8923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaninan","family":"Kositkuljorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Dermatology and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5511-1937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cherrin","family":"Pomsoong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Dermatology and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3324-1906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sira","family":"Korpaisarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2635-9527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiraporn","family":"Arunakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1654-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teerapong","family":"Rattananukrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Dermatology and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Organization. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association 2013.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00574-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","unstructured":"Gates G. How many people are lesbian gay bisexual and transgender?. 2011. Available at: https:\/\/williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu\/publications\/how-many-people-lgbt Accessed June24 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2019.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","unstructured":"Asia Pacific Transgender Network United Nations Development Programme. Blueprint for the Provision of Comprehensive Care for Trans People and Trans Communities. Washington DC: United Nations Development Programme 2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/26895269.2020.1753136"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2016.0013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ12-0319"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30319-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-50-1-76"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1330467"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","unstructured":"Kinter KJ Anekar AA. Biochemistry Dihydrotestosterone. 2021. Available at: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK557634 Accessed June24 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8019.2008.00214.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-012-1265-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.8.6710"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0343-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1960.127"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.22.12525"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2018.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-019-02398-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014143"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsc.2015.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13266"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.12757","article-title":"Complications associated with cutaneous aesthetic procedures","volume":"13","author":"Hartmann D","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hartmann D, , Ruzicka T, , Gauglitz GG. Complications associated with cutaneous aesthetic procedures. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2015; 13:778\u2013786.","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12558"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2019.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.0761"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475420930224"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2016.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13448"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.06.074"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12366"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.02.053"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5347"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.12.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5353"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5475"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S266320"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","unstructured":"Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Acne vulgaris: establishing effectiveness of drugs intended for treatment. 2018. Available at: www.fda.gov\/media\/71152\/download Accessed June24 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2001.113451"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Easy as PIE (Postinflammatory Erythema)","volume":"6","author":"Bae-Harboe YS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bae-Harboe YS, , Graber EM. Easy as PIE (Postinflammatory Erythema). J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2013; 6:46\u201347.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.08.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90746-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-008-0747-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2077.178536"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_46_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1951.tb31971.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1977.tb15179.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17083"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","unstructured":"Deutsch MB. Guidelines for the primary and gender-affirming care of transgender and gender nonbinary people 2nd ed. 2016. Available at http:\/\/transhealth.ucsf.edu\/protocols Accessed August31 2021."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13184"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2019.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_2","first-page":"607","article-title":"Endocrine care of transpeople part II","volume":"83","author":"Meriggiola MC","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meriggiola MC, , Gava G. Endocrine care of transpeople part II. A review of cross-sex hormonal treatments, outcomes and adverse effects in transwomen. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2015; 83:607\u2013615.","journal-title":"A review of cross-sex hormonal treatments, outcomes and adverse effects in transwomen. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_2","first-page":"546","article-title":"Prevalence of melasma in Chinese Han and Chinese Yi: a survey in Liangshan district","volume":"24","author":"Wang R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang R, , Wang T, , Cao L, et al. Prevalence of melasma in Chinese Han and Chinese Yi: a survey in Liangshan district. Chin J Dermatovenereol. 2010; 24:546\u2013548.","journal-title":"Chin J Dermatovenereol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2009.03778.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03524.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(05)70150-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Epidemiology of skin diseases in people of color","volume":"71","author":"Taylor SC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Taylor SC. Epidemiology of skin diseases in people of color. Cutis. 2003; 71:271\u2013275.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20143063"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Inhibition of hair growth in dogs receiving estrogens","volume":"13","author":"Gardner WU","year":"1940","unstructured":"Gardner WU, , Devita J. Inhibition of hair growth in dogs receiving estrogens. Yale J Biol Med. 1940; 13:213\u2013215.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-32-1-69"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2006-0020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.09.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb24402.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15081"}],"container-title":["Transgender Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0105","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0105","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:41:01Z","timestamp":1777588861000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/trgh.2021.0105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0105","relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-4887","2380-193X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-4887","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-193X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]}}}