{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:53:41Z","timestamp":1789102421524,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675209600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transgender Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess whether the COVID-19 pandemic has inequitably impacted key social determinants of health (SDoH), specifically employment, housing, and health care, for U.S. transgender populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between April 13, 2020 and August 3, 2020, we conducted a national, cross-sectional online survey of sexual and gender minority individuals (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                      =870). We used logistic regression to calculate both unadjusted and adjusted odds of unemployment, homelessness\/housing instability, and interruptions in medical care owing to the pandemic by gender and gender modality. Adjusted models controlled for age, race\/ethnicity, and region.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In adjusted models, transgender and gender diverse people had 2.12 times the odds of reporting homelessness\/housing instability and 2.88 times the odds of reporting medical care interruptions compared with cisgender peers. Transgender men, women, and nonbinary people had 4.12, 3.29, and 3.48 times the adjusted odds of interruptions in medical care compared with cisgender men, respectively. We did not observe significant differences in employment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings add empirical support to the hypothesis that socioeconomic consequences of COVID-19 are inequitably impacting transgender people. To contextualize our results and support future research in this area, we present a conceptual model of the short- and long-term impacts of COVID-19 on transgender populations using a framework of stigma as a fundamental cause of health inequities. Our findings emphasize that public health professionals must urgently consider\u2014and intervene to address\u2014the pandemic's SDoH-related impacts on transgender populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2021.0129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:02:53Z","timestamp":1638320573000},"page":"74-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Instability in Housing and Medical Care Access: The Inequitable Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on U.S. Transgender Populations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dylan","family":"Felt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ysabel Beatrice","family":"Floresca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ella Segovia","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron K.","family":"Korpak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caleb W.","family":"Curry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."},{"name":"College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren B.","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Healthy People 2030 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. 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Unemployment rate nears prerecession level by end of 2015. Washington DC: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics April 2016 2016.","DOI":"10.21916\/mlr.2016.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","unstructured":"Grant JM Mottet LA Tanis J et al. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington DC: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2020.0187"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-020-00497-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2020.1868185"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","unstructured":"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment Situation News Release July 2020 [press release]. 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