{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:44:52Z","timestamp":1777877092217,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transgender Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The rate is on the rise of transgender women choosing to have a gender-affirming vaginoplasty in the United States of America, and little is documented on postoperative recommendations to decrease complications and maximize function. This review aimed to identify the indications to incorporate pelvic floor physical therapy into the process for transgender women completing a gender-affirming vaginoplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Articles were gathered from CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE with keywords including \u201ctransgender,\u201d \u201ctranssexual,\u201d \u201cgender affirmation surgery,\u201d \u201csex reassignment,\u201d \u201cpelvic floor,\u201d \u201cphysical therapy,\u201d \u201cmale-to-female,\u201d and \u201ccomplications.\u201d A total of 13 sources were found to be relevant to this study and included in the review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results from this literature review found that transgender women frequently have complications of urinary incontinence, prolonged pelvic pain, and neovaginal stenosis after completing vaginoplasty surgery. A case study and two retrospective studies demonstrated positive outcomes from physical therapy related to pelvic pain, dilation protocol, and urinary and bowel function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Minimal research shows positive outcomes following pelvic floor physical therapy program for transgender women following gender-affirming vaginoplasty. However, no true conclusions can be drawn due to lack of research comparing pelvic floor physical therapy following gender-affirming vaginoplasty with a control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2021.0159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T05:18:37Z","timestamp":1749014317000},"page":"489-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Indications for the Utilization of Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy for Transgender Women Following Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7743-7134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosemary C.L.","family":"Widenor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Rueckert-Hartman College for Health Professions, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa C.","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy, Rueckert-Hartman College for Health Professions, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2015.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","volume-title":"The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey","author":"James SE","year":"2016","unstructured":"James SE, , Herman JL, , Rankin S, et al. The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey. National Center for Transgender Equality: Washington, DC; 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13229"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NURSE.0000456370.79660.f8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV and Transgender Communities. Atlanta GA; 2016. Available from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/policies\/cdc-hiv-transgender-brief.pdf [Last accessed: February26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.6231"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2017.0004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2019.06.19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12868"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000004427"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-019-0894-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2004.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001680"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9104-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anplas.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jwh.0000000000000022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Vaginoplasty\/Vulvoplasty. University of Utah Health: Salt Lake City UT. Available from: https:\/\/healthcare.utah.edu\/transgender-health\/gender-affirmation-surgery\/vaginoplasty.php [Last accessed: February26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"Neo-vagina welcome packet. Center for Transgender Medicine and Surgery Boston Medical Center: Boston MA; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.bmc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-07\/Neovaginoplasty-WELCOME-PACKET.pdf [Last accessed: February26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","unstructured":"Liang F. Vaginoplasty for Gender Affirmation. Johns Hopkins Medicine: Baltimore MD. Available from: https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/treatment-tests-and-therapies\/vaginoplasty-for-gender-affirmation [Last accessed: February26 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","unstructured":"Vaginoplasty: Guide to gender-affirming surgery. Oregon Health and Science University Transgender Health Program and Department of Urology: Portland OR. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.ohsu.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-07\/OHSU-vaginoplasty-booklet-2022.pdf [Last accessed: February26 2023]."}],"container-title":["Transgender Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0159","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0159","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:41:10Z","timestamp":1777588870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/trgh.2021.0159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0159","relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-4887","2380-193X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-4887","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-193X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}}}