{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:48:02Z","timestamp":1787316482306,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transgender Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stigma is a fundamental driver of HIV disparities among transgender women (TW). The gender minority stress and resilience (GMSR) measure has not been validated in Spanish-speaking, resource-limited settings. We examined the psychometric properties of a translated and abbreviated GMSR among TW in Tijuana, Mexico.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2020 to 2021, 152 participants were recruited through social media and venue-based sampling. We collected information on the abbreviated GMSR, psychosocial factors (e.g., depressive symptoms), and sociodemographics. The abbreviated GMSR assessed 7 factors (Discrimination, Rejection, Internalized Transphobia, Negative Expectations, Nondisclosure, Pride, and Community Connectedness). Confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alphas, and McDonald's omegas assessed structural validity. Pearson's partial correlations assessed criterion, convergent, and discriminant validities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 7-factor structure solution had acceptable fit (root mean square error of approximation [95% confidence interval]=0.05 [0.05\u20130.06]; comparative fit index\/Tucker\u2013Lewis index=0.92\/0.91); and internal reliability (\u03b1=0.62\u20130.89; \u03c9=0.62\u20130.89). Depressive (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.22\u20130.43;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001\u20130.007), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.20\u20130.34;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001\u20130.017) symptoms, and perceived stress (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.19\u20130.41;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22640.001\u20130.030) were all positively associated with all stress factors (e.g., Discrimination, Rejection, Internalized Transphobia, Negative Expectations, and Nondisclosure). The resilience factor Pride was associated with fewer PTSD symptoms (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u22120.18;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.027), lower perceived life stress (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u22120.21;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.012), and greater general resilience (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.26;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.002). The Community Connectedness resilience factor was associated with fewer depressive symptoms (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u22120.22;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.007). Constructs were conceptually distinct with factor correlations below 0.60.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings suggest that the Spanish-translated, abbreviated GMSR is a reliable and valid measure. These data expand the usability of the GMSR to TW in a Latin American, Spanish-speaking context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2021.0190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T11:37:29Z","timestamp":1661427449000},"page":"24-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Measure: Psychometric Validity for Use in Spanish"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3518-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel B.","family":"Algarin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laramie R.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather A.","family":"Pines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica F.","family":"Zapien-Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Trans, Centro de Servicios SER A.C., Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Padilla-Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Trans, Centro de Servicios SER A.C., Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Navarro-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General de Tijuana, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen V.","family":"Pitpitan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA."},{"name":"School of Social Work, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70315-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304727"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH17096"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00684-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/394283"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.02.019"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","first-page":"19","article-title":"Barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud en la comunidad transg\u00e9nero y transexual [Barriers to accessing healthcare services in the transgender and transexual community]","volume":"19","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Valles J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Valles J, , Arredondo-L\u00f3pez A. Barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud en la comunidad transg\u00e9nero y transexual [Barriers to accessing healthcare services in the transgender and transexual community]. Horizonte Sanitario, 2020; 19(1):19\u201325; doi: 10.19136\/hs.a19n1.3279.","journal-title":"Horizonte Sanitario"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029597"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000081"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000366"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cpp0000297"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30165-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","unstructured":"Luhur W Lozano-Verduzco I Shaw A. Public Opinion of Transgender Rights in Mexico. The Williams Institute UCLA School of law: Los Angeles CA; 2020. 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Available from: https:\/\/www.coneval.org.mx\/Paginas\/principal.aspx [Last accessed: June9 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/135525703125002360"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","unstructured":"Cohen S Kamarck T Mermelstein R. Perceived stress scale. Measuring stress: A guide for health and social scientists. Available from: https:\/\/www.northottawawellnessfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/PerceivedStressScale.pdf [Last accessed: June9 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20271"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19312458.2020.1718629"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12046"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164406288165"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016441"}],"container-title":["Transgender Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0190","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0190","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0190","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:41:16Z","timestamp":1777588876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/trgh.2021.0190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/trgh.2021.0190","relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-4887","2380-193X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-4887","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-193X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]}}}