{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:21:25Z","timestamp":1790270485332,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transgender Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transgender women are disproportionately affected by HIV and are underutilizing preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The lower uptake of PrEP by transgender women may be, in part, owing to the perception that taking PrEP may lower the efficacy of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) or to provider concerns that GAHT may lower the efficacy of PrEP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DISCOVER was a randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial comparing emtricitabine (FTC, F) and tenofovir alafenamide (F\/TAF) versus emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F\/TDF) as PrEP among transgender women and cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM). This nested substudy of the DISCOVER trial compared the exposure of the active intracellular metabolites of FTC and tenofovir (TFV), FTC triphosphate (FTC-TP) and TFV diphosphate (TFV-DP), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) among transgender women receiving GAHT versus MSM within the F\/TAF and F\/TDF groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results demonstrate that TFV-DP and FTC-TP levels in PBMC were comparable between transgender women on GAHT and MSM receiving F\/TAF, and between transgender women on GAHT and MSM receiving F\/TDF. TFV-DP concentrations remained above the EC\n                      <jats:sub>90<\/jats:sub>\n                      of 40 fmol\/10\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells across all groups. No clinically significant drug\u2013drug interactions of GAHT were observed with either F\/TAF or F\/TDF in this subanalysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings are consistent with the clinical pharmacology of GAHT, FTC, TDF, and TAF reported in previous studies, and support the continued use of F\/TAF and F\/TDF for PrEP in transgender women.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT02842086.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2022.0048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T17:16:15Z","timestamp":1663694175000},"page":"46-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Gender Affirming Hormones Do Not Affect the Exposure and Efficacy of F\/TDF or F\/TAF for HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis: A Subgroup Analysis from the DISCOVER Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Michelle S.","family":"Cespedes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5034-8185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moupali","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Yager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivanka","family":"Krznaric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektiologie Berlin Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3247-7981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"de Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2315-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deqing","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwu","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kintu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elske","family":"Hoornenborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ruane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruane Clinical Research Group, Inc., Los Angeles, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Phoenix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Huntridge Family Clinic, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Islam","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Halperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Crescent Care, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. US Public Health Service: Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of HIV infection in the United States\u20142021 Update: A Clinical Practice Guideline. Atlanta GA; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/risk\/prep\/cdc-hiv-prep-guidelines-2021.pdf [Last accessed: July26 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Infection Risk Prevention and Testing Behaviors Among Transgender Women\u2014National HIV Behavioral Surveillance 7 U.S. Cities 2019\u20132020. HIV Surveillance Special Report 27. Atlanta GA; 2021. 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The Impact of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis With FTC\/TDF on HIV Diagnoses 2012\u20132016 United States. 22nd International AIDS Conference 23\u201327 July Amsterdam the Netherlands; 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2019.0049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002112"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2016.1154085"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13234"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25769"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02502-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1158"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1160"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25338"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25405"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","article-title":"Gender-affirming hormone pharmacokinetics among adolescent and young adult transgender persons receiving daily F\/TDF","author":"Yager J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yager J, , Brooks KM, , Brothers J, et al. 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