{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:15:42Z","timestamp":1791281742885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transgender Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and severity may be higher in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than the general population, and vary with sex and age. We explored NAFLD characteristics by gender.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult transgender women (TW), cisgender women (CW), and cisgender men (CM) with HIV on antiretroviral therapy and without other known causes of liver disease underwent screening for NAFLD (2017\u20132020). Circulating factors associated with NAFLD were measured. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were assessed using transient elastography by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM), respectively. Analysis of variance\/Wilcoxon testing compared normally\/non-normally distributed variables, respectively. Logistic regression evaluated factors associated with CAP and LSM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =194) had median age 48 years and body mass index 28.3\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; 42% were CM, 37% TW, and 21% CW; 95% were non-white; and 16% had diabetes, 40% dyslipidemia, and 49% hypertension. NAFLD prevalence was 59% using CAP \u2265248 dB\/m (\u2265S1 steatosis), 48% using CAP \u2265260 dB\/m (\u2265S2 steatosis), and 32% using CAP \u2265285 dB\/m (\u2265S3 steatosis). Compared to CM and CW, TW had the highest median CAP scores, were more likely to have \u2265S2 steatosis, and had the highest insulin resistance, interleukin-6, and fetuin-A values. TW off versus on gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) had slightly higher median CAP scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TW on GAHT had less hepatic steatosis than TW not on GAHT, although overall NAFLD severity was greater than expected for TW compared to CM and CW. The effects of estrogen supplementation and androgen deprivation on liver health in TW require further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2022.0182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T12:02:54Z","timestamp":1683288174000},"page":"413-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Transgender Women with HIV Demonstrate Unique Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Profiles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Jordan E.","family":"Lake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana N.","family":"Hyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoma","family":"Somasunderam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Netanya S.","family":"Utay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen E.","family":"Corey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1935"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29367"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e31817e8af9"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2013.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30626"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0556-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.572490"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092502"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.44"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.09.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2020.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.13052"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa429"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003351"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","unstructured":"Guidelines for Women's Health Care: A Resource Manual 3rd ed. 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