{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T23:10:25Z","timestamp":1784243425523,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Transgender Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the population with a uterus and vagina worldwide. Transgender men (TM) undergo less screening for cervical cancer than the population of cisgender women (CW). This review aimed to summarize the evidence on screening methods for cervical cancer in TM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is an integrative review structured along three axes: barriers of screening, colpocytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) screening. The keywords, \u201ctransgender,\u201d \u201cuterine cervix cancer,\u201d \u201cpap smear,\u201d and \u201cpap test,\u201d were used to search articles in Embase and PubMed databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred and fifty-two articles were found, 12 of which were used to prepare this review. Disaffirmation of the patient\u2019s gender and unequal power dynamics between patient and provider during screening contribute to patient unwillingness to be screened. TM are significantly less likely to receive Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. Unsatisfactory Pap tests are more frequent in TM due to vaginal atrophy caused by testosterone use. Even when compared with atrophic CW, the rate of unsatisfactory tests is lower in TM. Metaplasia and cellular changes such as \u201csmall cells\u201d and dysplastic changes in TM on testosterone may complicate cytologic interpretation. HPV molecular detection can be a screening alternative for this group, and self-collection can be an alternative to increase screening rates in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TM have lower screening rates for cervical cancer than CW. Pap smear presents higher rates of unsatisfactory results in the TM population. The assessment of dysplasias may be hampered by the action of testosterone. Strategies that aim to evaluate HPV molecular biology detection and self-collection can improve this population\u2019s adherence to screening programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2023.0219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T04:31:04Z","timestamp":1718253064000},"page":"229-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Review on Cervical Cancer Screening in Transgender Men: What Are the Particularities of This Approach?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6046-2659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio Henrique Pires","family":"Okano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto (UNAERP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil."},{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirella de Freitas","family":"Daud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto (UNAERP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andria Karoliny Schneider","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto (UNAERP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giordana Campos","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidade de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto (UNAERP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil."},{"name":"Departament of Social Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","unstructured":"WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention: Use ofmRNA tests for human papillomavirus (HPV). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.947"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2017.06.083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqab158"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2019.0019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0000000000000338"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2019.1677942"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2021.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190172"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2016.0143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2019.0037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2017.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22259"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e318193e7cd"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21628"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000493333"}],"container-title":["Transgender Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/trgh.2023.0219","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/trgh.2023.0219","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/trgh.2023.0219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:46:21Z","timestamp":1784241981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/trgh.2023.0219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/trgh.2023.0219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/trgh.2023.0219","relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-4887","2380-193X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-4887","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-193X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]]}}}