{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:40:05Z","timestamp":1790736005075,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To characterize the potential transmission sites of sleeping sickness in Kinshasa, two entomologic surveys were carried out during the dry and the rainy seasons in rural and periurban areas of Kinshasa in 2005. About 610 pyramidal traps were set up, and 897\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Glossina fuscipes quanzensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were captured. Environmental and biologic factors were reported, and relationships between these factors were evaluated using logistic regression and multiple correspondence analysis. The biologic factors (the presence of tsetse flies, human blood meals, and teneral flies) were progressively accumulated at each capture site to permit the characterization of the sleeping sickness transmission risk. The dry season was found to be a more favorable period for the disease transmission than the rainy season. Moreover, the landscapes characterized by the presence of argillaceous soils, raised ground cover with forest residues and rivers, were identified as types of environments with greater risk of sleeping sickness transmission. Pig breeding appeared as an important factor increasing the disease transmission. If vector control is continuously performed along rivers segments at high risk, the transmission of sleeping sickness in rural and periurban areas of Kinshasa will considerably decrease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,9]],"date-time":"2009-03-09T11:22:32Z","timestamp":1236597752000},"page":"631-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Characterization of Sleeping Sickness Transmission Sites in Rural and Periurban Areas of Kinshasa (R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Pascal","family":"Gr\u00e9baut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus international de Baillarguet","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Bena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau d\u2019Etude et d\u2019Am\u00e9nagement de l\u2019Urbanisme","place":["R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emile Zola","family":"Manzambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Recherches Biom\u00e9dicales","place":["R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil\u00e9mon","family":"Mansinsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine","place":["R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Khande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine","place":["R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaelle","family":"Ollivier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Coop\u00e9ration et d\u2019Action Culturelle de Kinshasa (SCAC)","place":["R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard","family":"Cuny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Campus international de Baillarguet","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustave","family":"Simo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants studies (IMPM)","place":["Cameroon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"445","article-title":"Human African trypanosomiasis in the urban milieu: the example of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic if the Congo, in 1998 and 1999","volume":"61","author":"Bilengue CM","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bilengue CM, , Meso VK, , Louis FJ, , Lucas P. Human African trypanosomiasis in the urban milieu: the example of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic if the Congo, in 1998 and 1999. Med Trop (Mars), 2001; 61:445\u2013448.","journal-title":"Med Trop (Mars)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"703","article-title":"Tsetse-fly physiology. A review of recent advances and current aims","volume":"28","author":"Bursell E","year":"1963","unstructured":"Bursell E. Tsetse-fly physiology. A review of recent advances and current aims. Bull World Health Org, 1963; 28:703\u2013709.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Org"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2005.01398.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2005.00580.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01116.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","volume-title":"Atlas de Kinshasa","author":"Flouriot J","year":"1978","unstructured":"Flouriot J, , de Maximy R, , Pain M. Atlas de Kinshasa. Kinshasa: Institut G\u00e9graphique du Za\u00efre, 1978."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90283-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2004.4.230"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1985603329"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0764-4469(00)00145-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Ecologie de Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850, en savane humide d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest : 4","volume":"15","author":"Laveissi\u00e8re C","year":"1977","unstructured":"Laveissi\u00e8re C. Ecologie de Glossina tachinoides Westwood, 1850, en savane humide d\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest : 4. R\u00e9artition des g\u00eetes \u00e0 pupes Cahiers ORSTOM S\u00e9r Entomol M\u00e9d Parasitol., 1977; 15:339\u2013346.","journal-title":"R\u00e9artition des g\u00eetes \u00e0 pupes Cahiers ORSTOM S\u00e9r Entomol M\u00e9d Parasitol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"The risk of sleeping sickness transmission: simplifying the calculation of the index","volume":"23","author":"Laveissi\u00e8re C","year":"2003","unstructured":"Laveissi\u00e8re C, , Gr\u00e9baut P. The risk of sleeping sickness transmission: simplifying the calculation of the index. Insect Sci Appl, 2003; 23:99\u2013102.","journal-title":"Insect Sci Appl"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90207-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","first-page":"390","article-title":"Methodology to determine risk zones for sleeping sickness in Cote d\u2019Ivoire by the spatial approach","volume":"61","author":"Lointier M","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lointier M, , Truc P, , Drapeau L, , Nanga S, , Tarek M. Methodology to determine risk zones for sleeping sickness in Cote d\u2019Ivoire by the spatial approach. Med Trop (Madr), 2001; 61:390\u2013396.","journal-title":"Med Trop (Madr)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Trypanosomiase humaine africaine: Kinshasa, un ancien foyer, 100 ans apr\u00e8s","volume":"4","author":"Mulumba PM","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mulumba PM, , Umba-di-Mbumbu V, , Mulumba Mbuy M, , Mandiangu M, , Ekwanzala M. Trypanosomiase humaine africaine: Kinshasa, un ancien foyer, 100 ans apr\u00e8s. Panorama medical, 1993; 4:169\u2013170.","journal-title":"Panorama medical"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","volume-title":"Kinshasa, la ville et la cite","author":"Pain M","year":"1984","unstructured":"Pain M. Kinshasa, la ville et la cite. Bondy, France: Editions de l\u2019ORSTOM, 1984."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Historique et \u00e9volution de la maladie du sommeil dans les pays de l\u2019OCEAC. In La trypanosomiase dans les \u00e9tats de l\u2019OCEAC : historique et actualit\u00e9","volume":"29","author":"Penchenier L","year":"1996","unstructured":"Penchenier L, , Wang S, , Bureau P. Historique et \u00e9volution de la maladie du sommeil dans les pays de l\u2019OCEAC. 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