{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:42:49Z","timestamp":1791286969861,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>West Nile virus (WNV) has a history of irregular but recurrent epizootics in countries of Mediterranean and of Central and Eastern Europe. We have investigated the temporal enzootic activity of WNV in free-ranging birds over a 3-year period in an area with sporadic occurrences of WNV outbreaks in Southern France. We conducted an intensive serologic survey on several wild bird populations (&gt;4000 serum samples collected from 3300 birds) selected as potential indicators of the WNV circulation. WNV antibodies were detected by seroneutralization and\/or plaque reduction neutralization in house sparrows, black-billed magpies, and scops owls, but these species appeared to be insufficient indicators of WNV circulation. Overall seroprevalence was low (&lt;1%), including in birds that had been potentially exposed to the virus during recent outbreaks. However, the detection of a seroconversion in one bird, as well as the detection of seropositive birds in all years of our monitoring, including juveniles, indicate a constant annual circulation of WNV at a low level, including in years without any detectable emergence of WN fever in horses or humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,29]],"date-time":"2009-04-29T08:08:15Z","timestamp":1240992495000},"page":"737-741","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Low West Nile Virus Circulation in Wild Birds in an Area of Recurring Outbreaks in Southern France"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Gilles","family":"Balan\u00e7a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD, UPR AGIRs","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Gaidet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD, UPR AGIRs","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Savini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Vollot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc ornithologique de Pont de Gau","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Foucart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD, UPR acridologie","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Reiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Boutonnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Lelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Monicat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD, UPR AGIRs","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"867","article-title":"West Nile fever in horses in Morocco","volume":"108","author":"Abdelhaq AT.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Abdelhaq AT. 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