{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:22:41Z","timestamp":1785295361498,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]],"date-time":"2009-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243814400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although cowpox virus (CPXV) infections in a variety of dead-end hosts have been investigated in Germany for more than 50 years, data on species and geographical distribution of CPXV in reservoir hosts are sparse. Here we present the first comprehensive study of 825 rodents that have been collected in Bavaria, Southern Germany. In summary, six different rodent species (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Apodemus flavicollis, Myodes glareolus, Microtus arvalis, Apodemus sylvaticus, Microtus agrestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Arvicola amphibius<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were trapped at three main trapping sites and investigated using a serum neutralization test (SNT). Prevalence of orthopox virus (OPV)\u2013neutralizing antibodies was (with exception of one trapping site) highest in bank voles, ranging from 24.5% to 42.4%; often with SNT titers \u226596. Two up to 25% of yellow-necked mice were OPV sero-positive, but wood mice only at one site with 5.5%. Up to 7.7% of common voles were found to be OPV seroreactive, while\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. agrestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. amphibius<\/jats:italic>\n                    only sporadically showed seroreactivity. Further analyses of a subset of 450 bank voles and yellow-necked mice trapped at one site over a 18-month period revealed that male yellow-necked mice and female gravid yellow-necked mice had significantly more OPV-neutralizing antibodies. Mean body weight and OPV-seroreactivity were significantly negatively associated in male\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. flavicollis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This was not due to shorter body length or smaller body mass index, but previously OPV-infected male\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. flavicollis<\/jats:italic>\n                    had dramatically reduced mean kidney weights. Seroreactivity in female bank voles was positively related to lung weights. We also found that both male yellow-necked mice and male bank voles with positive SNT titers had higher infestation rates with ectoparasites. We here show for the first time that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. flavicollis<\/jats:italic>\n                    beside\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. glareolus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a hypothetic host for CPXV, and that there are big geographical and spatial variations concerning the seroprevalence in rodent populations in South Germany.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]],"date-time":"2009-06-03T17:11:58Z","timestamp":1244049118000},"page":"301-311","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Patterns of Orthopox Virus Wild Rodent Hosts in South Germany"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Essbauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Hartnack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DCR-VPH","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystian","family":"Misztela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Kie\u00dfling-Tsalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"B\u00e4umler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Ecology","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pfeffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,1]]},"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2008.0205","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2008.0205","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:46:22Z","timestamp":1777589182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2008.0205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2008.0205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2008.0205","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}}}