{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:37:47Z","timestamp":1791841067703,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is caused by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species transmitted to humans by infected\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ornithodoros<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. ticks. The disease has been rarely described in North Africa, and in Tunisia the local transmission of TBRF seems to have disappeared or is undiagnosed. A longitudinal study was conducted in 14 sites located in four different bioclimatic zones of Tunisia to assess both the distribution of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ornithodoros<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and their infection rate with the relapsing fever\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. Three polymerase chain reaction methods targeting the 16S rRNA, the intergenic spacer, and the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">fla<\/jats:italic>\n                    (flagellin) genes were used and phylogenetic analyses were carried out. Three hundred and fifty-eight specimens of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ornithodoros<\/jats:italic>\n                    were collected:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. erraticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (previously termed \u201csmall variety\u201d) (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009190) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. normandi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009168).\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">crocidurae<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA was detected in 15.1% of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. erraticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (small variety) (24 out of the 159 randomly selected for testing) collected in rodent burrows situated in the arid and Saharan areas in southern Tunisia. Molecular analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene and the noncoding intergenic spacer domain showed good resolution for this\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp., although no molecular polymorphism was evidenced according to location. In contrast, none of the 133\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. normandi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , also randomly selected for testing, was infected by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. and these ticks were restricted to the subhumid and semiarid zones in northern Tunisia. Both\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. erraticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (small variety) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. normandi<\/jats:italic>\n                    were found in Tunisia and the high\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. crocidurae<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection rate found in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. erraticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    highlights the risk of TBRF transmission in the southern part of the country.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,26]],"date-time":"2010-04-26T20:58:50Z","timestamp":1272315530000},"page":"825-830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["<i>Borrelia crocidurae<\/i>\n                    Infection of\n                    <i>Ornithodoros erraticus<\/i>\n                    (Lucas, 1849) Ticks in Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Bouattour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Tunis","place":["Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Garnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youmna","family":"M'Ghirbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Tunis","place":["Tunisia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M'hammed","family":"Sarih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Casablanca"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lise","family":"Gern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Neuch\u00e2tel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Ferquel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani\u00e8le","family":"Postic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Cornet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur","place":["France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1211.060715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Clef de d\u00e9termination des rongeurs de Tunisie","volume":"47","author":"Bernard J.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Bernard J. Clef de d\u00e9termination des rongeurs de Tunisie. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis, 1970; 47:265\u2013307.","journal-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26944-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sur l'identit\u00e9 d'Ornithodorus erraticus Lucas et d'Ornithodorus marocanus V\u00e9lu","volume":"19","author":"Colas-Belcour J.","year":"1930","unstructured":"Colas-Belcour J. Sur l'identit\u00e9 d'Ornithodorus erraticus Lucas et d'Ornithodorus marocanus V\u00e9lu. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis, 1930; T19, 1:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1203.050899"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02819.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"1213","article-title":"Successful in vitro cultivation of Borrelia recurrentis","volume":"342","author":"Cutler SJ","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cutler SJ, , Fekade D, , Hussein K, , Knox KA et al. Successful in vitro cultivation of Borrelia recurrentis. Lancet, 1994; 342:1213\u20131215.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.2000.11813513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/15303660160025949"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Advances in Parasitology","author":"Hoogstraal H.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Hoogstraal H. Argasid and nuttalliellid ticks as parasites and vectors. Baker JR, , Muller R. Advances in Parasitology, 24. London: Academic Press, 1985; 135\u2013283."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/10.2.189"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1923012170"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Fauna d'Italia, Acari Ixodida","author":"Manilla G.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Manilla G. Genere Ornithodoros. Calderini. Fauna d'Italia, Acari Ixodida. Academia Nazionale Italiana di Entomologia; Bologna: Italy, 1998; 55\u201363."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-46-4-859"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","volume-title":"Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin M\u00e9diterran\u00e9en","author":"Morel PC.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Morel PC. Les tiques d'Afrique et du Bassin M\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, 1965(In CD-ROM CIRAD (ed.)Montpellier, France: Centre International de la Recherche Agronomogia et du Developpment, 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Etude des trois premiers cas de fi\u00e8vre r\u00e9currente hispano-africaine observ\u00e9s en Tunisie et, plus sp\u00e9cialement, de leurs virus","volume":"21","author":"Nicolle C","year":"1932","unstructured":"Nicolle C, , Anderson C, , Laigret J. Etude des trois premiers cas de fi\u00e8vre r\u00e9currente hispano-africaine observ\u00e9s en Tunisie et, plus sp\u00e9cialement, de leurs virus. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis, 1932; 21:43\u201372.","journal-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/319347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbour-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou N","year":"1987","unstructured":"Saitou N, , Nei M. The neighbour-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol, 1987; 4:406\u2013425.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1510.090403"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.050483"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/193855a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.1995.tb00669.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.24.4876"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93404-W"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1996.54.289"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68968-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.050616"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2009.0151","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2009.0151","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2009.0151","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:47:11Z","timestamp":1777589231000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2009.0151"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2009.0151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2009.0151","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}}}