{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:57:05Z","timestamp":1791305825116,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]],"date-time":"2011-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1301616000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In May 2007, five patients with Q fever-like symptoms were reported in an agricultural educational center in the rural southern French town of Florac. An investigation was undertaken to identify the outbreak source and risk factors for infection, and to implement control measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We undertook active case finding. Patients were defined as individuals with an unexplained fever of \u226538.5\u00b0C who lived in, worked in, or visited Florac between April 1 and June 30, 2007. Patients were confirmed by a positive Q fever serology test. A cross-sectional survey with a seroprevalence component was carried out in the educational center and surrounding area. A standardized questionnaire on known risk factors for the infection was used and serological testing was carried out on finger prick blood specimens from participants. The veterinary services investigated local herds within a 5-mile radius using polymerase chain reaction and serological tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred twenty-two people were included in the cross-sectional survey. Eighteen serologically confirmed acute cases were identified, of whom 12 were from the educational center. The statistical analysis showed an independent association between acute infection and living or working near an area where manure had been spread (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0.042) and male gender (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022). Frequenting the educational center's canteen was also associated with infection (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008) among staff and students. The veterinary investigations identified 11 of the 26 tested flocks of goats and sheep as seropositive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , including 2 ovine flocks located northwest of Florac that had high shedding levels of the bacterium.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The observed excess of cases of Q fever in Florac, an area endemic for this infection, in spring 2007 could be explained by an aerial transmission from infectious ovine flocks situated close to the town. All local herd owners were re-educated about the risks and prevention practices for Q fever.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,11]],"date-time":"2011-03-11T13:03:05Z","timestamp":1299848585000},"page":"341-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Outbreak of Q fever, Florac, Southern France, Spring 2007"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Epidemiology Unit Languedoc-Roussillon","place":["France"]},{"name":"European Program for Intervention Epidemiology Training (Epiet)","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Goirand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Epidemiology Unit Languedoc-Roussillon","place":["France"]},{"name":"French Program for Intervention Epidemiology Training (Profet)","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Tissot-Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Rickettsiosis","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Giunta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Office of Health and Social Affairs","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Giraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Office of Health and Social Affairs","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Colardelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmental Office of Veterinary Services","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Duquesne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Food Safety Agency, Sophia-Antipolis","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Rousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Food Safety Agency, Sophia-Antipolis","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Aubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Food Safety Agency, Sophia-Antipolis","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Thi\u00e9ry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Food Safety Agency, Sophia-Antipolis","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Calatayud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Epidemiology Unit South of France","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rald","family":"Daurat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Office of Health and Social Affairs","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Hocqueloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"La Source\u2013Regional Hospital Center","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Cicchelero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Epidemiology Unit Languedoc-Roussillon","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Golliot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Epidemiology Unit Languedoc-Roussillon","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"de Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Institute for Public Health Surveillance","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","unstructured":"[AFSSA] Agence fran\u00e7aise de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire des Aliments. Q Fever: Report on the evaluation of risks to health and tools to manage risk in ruminant herds. Sophia-Antipolis: Agence fran\u00e7aise de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire des Aliments 2004; 88. www.afssa.fr\/Documents\/SANT-Ra-fievreQ.pdf. 2010 March 10(In French) (Online.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.02.02.00137-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-001-0645-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","volume-title":"International Haemovigilance Network Seminar 2009","author":"Daurat G","unstructured":"Daurat G, , Feissel M, , Goirand L, , Tissot Dupont H et al. Risk of transfusion contamination during an outbreak of Q fever in France: relationship between haemovigilance and epidemiologic surveillance. International Haemovigilance Network Seminar 2009, Oral Presentation, Rome, February 25\u201327, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"434","volume-title":"Control of Communicable Diseases Manual","author":"Heymann DL","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heymann DL. Q fever. Heymann DL. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual, 18th. Washington DC: American Public Health Association, 2004; 434\u2013438.","edition":"18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","volume-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer DW","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, , Lemeshow S. Applied Logistic Regression. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1989."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"[InVS] Institut de veille sanitaire. Investigation of an outbreak of Q fever in Montoison in 2000. Saint Maurice: Institut de Veille Sanitaire 2003; 44. www.invs.sante.fr\/publications\/2003\/fievre_q\/rapport_fievre_q.pdf. 2010 March 10(In French) (Online.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.518"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-200003000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","unstructured":"Rey S Denneti\u00e8re G Rousset E et al. Q fever outbreak in the Chamonix valley (Haute Savoie) June-September 2002 Saint Maurice: Institut de Veille Sanitaire 2005; 64. www.invs.sante.fr\/publications\/2005\/fievre_q_chamonix\/rapport_fievre_q.pdf. 2010 March 10(In French) (Online.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90173-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009920"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2010.0050","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2010.0050","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2010.0050","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:48:08Z","timestamp":1777589288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2010.0050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2010.0050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2010.0050","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}}}