{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:01:10Z","timestamp":1790704870644,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a major vector-borne zoonosis first identified on the African continent in the early 1900s. In 2000, RVF was reported for the first time in Yemen. In this study, we provide a descriptive analysis of the period 1999\u20132007 in Yemen, taking into account the environmental and socioeconomic factors likely to have been involved in the emergence of RVF in the country. We characterize each year in the study period by the environmental conditions (linked to vegetation indexes), the festival calendar, and economic data. We then use a principal component analysis to synthesize the different variables, assess whether the year 2000 was atypical compared with other years in the study period, and, if that was the case, in what respect. Our results show that 2000 presented above-normal vegetation index values, which reflect important precipitation, for both the two rainy seasons (the first between March and May; the second between July and October). These environmental conditions, ones favorable to mosquito vector populations, coincided that year with a late (March) starting date of the Eid al-Kabeer festival, which corresponds to a period with high host (cattle, sheep, goats) densities. According to these criteria, 2000 was an atypical year. These conclusions suggest that it is important to consider social variables in addition to environmental ones when assessing the risk of RVF emergence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,1]],"date-time":"2011-02-01T16:17:03Z","timestamp":1296577023000},"page":"773-779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Can Environmental and Socioeconomic Factors Explain the Recent Emergence of Rift Valley Fever in Yemen, 2000\u20132001?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shaif","family":"Abdo-Salem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD","place":["France"]},{"name":"University of Liege","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"University of Dhamar","place":["Yemen"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelise","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD","place":["France"]},{"name":"CIRAD, UMR Territoires, Environnement","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Grosbois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Gerbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansoor","family":"Al-Qadasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health and Vet Quarantine","place":["Yemen"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health and Vet Quarantine","place":["Yemen"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Etter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Thiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Liege","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Roger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIRAD","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1373.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdo-Salem S Waret-Szkuta A Roger F Olive MM et al. Risk assessment of the introduction of Rift Valley fever from the Horn of Africa to Yemen via legal trade of small ruminants. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2010. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/s11250-010-9719-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9719-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74068-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","volume-title":"Etude du commerce r\u00e9gional du b\u00e9tail et des produits animaux en Afrique de l'Ouest (zone ECOWAS) et Afrique de l'Est (zone IGAD)","author":"Alary V","year":"2006","unstructured":"Alary V. Etude du commerce r\u00e9gional du b\u00e9tail et des produits animaux en Afrique de l'Ouest (zone ECOWAS) et Afrique de l'Est (zone IGAD) Montpellier, France: CIRAD, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","volume-title":"Presented at the Rift Valley Fever Workshop: An Integrated Approach to Controlling Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in Africa and the Middle East","author":"Al Qadasi M","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al Qadasi M. Rift valley Fever outbreak in Yemen Sep2000\/March 2001 and surveillance follow up. Presented at the Rift Valley Fever Workshop: An Integrated Approach to Controlling Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in Africa and the Middle East, Cairo, Egypt, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","volume-title":"Presented at the World Veterinary Congress","author":"Al Qadasi M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Al Qadasi M. Rift Valley fever outbreak in Yemen, September 2000 to February 2001. Presented at the World Veterinary Congress, Tunis, 2002."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1203.050973"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-5-60"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Forecasting the temporal and spatial distribution of a rift valley fever outbreak in east Africa: 2006-2007","volume":"77","author":"Anyamba A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anyamba A, , Chretien JP, , Small J, , Tucker CJ et al. Forecasting the temporal and spatial distribution of a rift valley fever outbreak in east Africa: 2006-2007. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2007; 77:282\u2013283.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806490106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"392","article-title":"Outbreak of Rift Valley fever, Yemen, August-October 2000","volume":"75","author":"CDC","year":"2000","unstructured":"CDC. Outbreak of Rift Valley fever, Yemen, August-October 2000. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 2000a. 75:392\u2013395.","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"905","article-title":"Update: Outbreak of Rift Valley fever- Saudi Arabia-August-October, 2000","volume":"49","author":"CDC","year":"2000","unstructured":"CDC. Update: Outbreak of Rift Valley fever- Saudi Arabia-August-October, 2000. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2000b. 49:905\u2013908.","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Emerging Infections","author":"Chevalier V","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chevalier V, , Martin V, , De la Rocque S, , Roger F. Combating and predicting Rift Valley fever outbreaks: a scientific and geopolitical challenge for the future. Scheld WM, , Hammer SM, , Hughes JM. Emerging Infections8Washington: ASM Press, 2008; 189\u2013212."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169308954042"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.25.1.1648"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","unstructured":"Davies FG. Rift Valley Fever in Yemen. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization 2000."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","volume-title":"Livestock Movement and Trade Study for the Yemen Agricultural Support","author":"Fleming DE","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fleming DE, , Hammadi N, , Alqadasi MSA, , Saed K. 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Ecohydrological-erosion model for semi-arid mountain catchment using GIS techniques: A case study-wadi surdad catchment, Republic of Yemen. The Arabian Journal for science and engineering, 2005; 30:99\u2013109.","journal-title":"The Arabian Journal for science and engineering"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","first-page":"90","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 77th Annual Meeting of the New Jersey Mosquito Control Association (NJMCA)","author":"O'Malley CM","year":"1990","unstructured":"O'Malley CM. 1990. Aedes Vexans (Meigen, 1830): an old foe. Proceedings of the 77th Annual Meeting of the New Jersey Mosquito Control Association (NJMCA), 13\u201315 June, CherryHill, New Jersey. 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