{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:04:33Z","timestamp":1792033473622,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Infections caused by viruses transmitted via blood-feeding arthropods (arthropod-borne or arboviruses) have gained considerable attention and importance during the last decades due to their resurgence, impact on public health, and changing epidemiologic features. The complex transmission cycles affected by environmental, technological, and ecological changes place arboviral infections in the realm of emerging and reemerging infections that intermittantly reappear in epidemic form or display tendency to expend beyond endemic zones. A number of previously undetected arboviral diseases have emerged in Turkey during the last decade, although, in some cases, serologic evidence has been provided earlier. Since Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever first emerged in Turkey in 2002, there are now more than 4400 laboratory-confirmed cases of the disease. In addition, convincing evidence has accumulated to suggest that pathogenic flaviviruses, including West Nile virus, are in circulation. Recent studies have also revealed human exposure, central nervous system infections, and outbreaks of febrile diseases by sandfly fever viruses. In this study, reports published in local and international journals on surveillance and epidemiology of medically important arboviruses and associated diseases from Turkey have been reviewed, and current data on tick, mosquito, and sandfly vectors are incorporated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,6]],"date-time":"2010-12-06T16:01:26Z","timestamp":1291651286000},"page":"731-741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Current Status of Human Arboviral Diseases in Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Koray","family":"Ergunay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris A.","family":"Whitehouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aykut","family":"Ozkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albayrak H Ozan E. Molecular detection of Avian influenza virus but not West Nile virus in wild birds in northern Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health 2010[Epub ahead of print]10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2010.01327.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2010.01327.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Albayrak H Ozan E Kurt M. Molecular detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) but not West Nile virus (WNV) in hard ticks from provinces in northern Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health 2010[Epub ahead of print]10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01316.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01316.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-001-0107-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.1066"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"Studies on activity and ecology of arboviruses in Turkey","volume":"32","author":"Ari A","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ari A. Studies on activity and ecology of arboviruses in Turkey. Turk Hij Tecr Biyol Derg, 1972; 32:134\u2013143.","journal-title":"Turk Hij Tecr Biyol Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"687","article-title":"West Nile Virus infection in a patient with acute graft-versus-host disease","volume":"94","author":"Arpaci F","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arpaci F, , Cetin T, , Kubar A, , Ozturk M et al. West Nile Virus infection in a patient with acute graft-versus-host disease. Haemalologica, 2009; 94,S2:687.","journal-title":"Haemalologica"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0694-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45865-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.52.110405.091454"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1043979"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.01022.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.050869"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.10.19507-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200310000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.17.18848-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70435-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ergunay K Saygan MB Aydogan S Litzba N et al. Confirmed exposure to Tick-Borne Encephalitis virus and probable human cases of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in central\/northern Anatolia Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health 2010a[Epub ahead of print]10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2010.01342.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2010.01342.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ergunay K Saygan MB Aydogan S Lo MM et al. Sandfly fever virus activity in Central\/Northern Anatolia Turkey: first report of Toscana virus infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010b[Epub ahead of print]10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03346.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03346.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Investigation of West Nile virus in central nervous system infections of unknown etiology in Ankara, Turkey","volume":"44","author":"Ergunay K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ergunay K, , Aydogan S, , Menemenlioglu D, , Sener B et al. Investigation of West Nile virus in central nervous system infections of unknown etiology in Ankara, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2010d. 44:255\u2013262.","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","first-page":"413","article-title":"Investigation of Dengue virus and Yellow Fevers virus exposure in blood donors from Central\/Northern Anatolia, Turkey","volume":"44","author":"Ergunay K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ergunay K, , Saygan MB, , Aydogan S, , Litzba N et al. Investigation of Dengue virus and Yellow Fevers virus exposure in blood donors from Central\/Northern Anatolia, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2010e. 44:413\u2013422.","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2007.060008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809991026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02681.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549609027160"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61687-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3148.2009.00964.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1008.030928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Occurrence and spread in Italy of Aedes albopictus, with implications for its introduction into other parts of Europe","volume":"12","author":"Knudsen AB","year":"1996","unstructured":"Knudsen AB, , Romi R, , Majori G. Occurrence and spread in Italy of Aedes albopictus, with implications for its introduction into other parts of Europe. J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 1996; 12:177\u2013183.","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2007.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00813-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0707.017719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.10.19504-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.011437-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-75-9-2157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"West Nile arbovirus antibodies with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) in residents of Southeast Anatolia","volume":"11","author":"Meco O","year":"1977","unstructured":"Meco O. West Nile arbovirus antibodies with hemagglutination inhibition (HI) in residents of Southeast Anatolia. Mikrobiyol Bul, 1977; 11:3\u201317.","journal-title":"Mikrobiyol Bul"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","first-page":"943","volume-title":"Clinical Virology","author":"Mertz GJ","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mertz GJ. Bunyaviridae: Bunyaviruses, Phleboviruses, Nairoviruses and Hantaviruses. Richman DD, , Whitley RJ, , Hayden FG. Clinical Virology. New York: Churchill-Livingstone, 1997; 943\u2013971."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-90"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","first-page":"763","volume-title":"Virology","author":"Monath TP","year":"1990","unstructured":"Monath TP. Flaviviruses. Fields BN, , Knipe DM. Virology. New York: Raven Press, 1990; 763\u2013814."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02320.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","first-page":"152","volume-title":"Microbiologica Balkanica 3rd Balkan Conference of Microbiology Proceedings","author":"Ozbel Y","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ozbel Y, , Ertabaklar H, , Ciufolini MG, , Marks A et al. Sandfly Fever viruses (Phleboviruses) transmitted by phlebotomus in Turkey. Microbiologica Balkanica 3rd Balkan Conference of Microbiology Proceedings, 2003; 152\u2013155."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-007-1056-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3376\/1081-1710(2007)32[202:WNVSIT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Serological evidence of West Nile Virus (WNV) in mammalian species in Turkey","volume":"29","author":"Ozkul A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ozkul A, , Yildirim Y, , Pinar D, , Akcali A et al. Serological evidence of West Nile Virus (WNV) in mammalian species in Turkey. Epidemiol Infect, 2005; 29:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0770-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02996.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.34.19644-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01330.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.33.18952-en"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Greece: isolation of the virus from Rhipicephalus bursa ticks and a preliminary serological survey","volume":"1","author":"Papadopoulos O","year":"1980","unstructured":"Papadopoulos O, , Koptopoulos G. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Greece: isolation of the virus from Rhipicephalus bursa ticks and a preliminary serological survey. Zentbl Bakteriol Hyg, 1980; 1,S9:189\u2013193.","journal-title":"Zentbl Bakteriol Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Infections with two dengue viruses in Greece in the 20th century. Did dengue hemorrhagic fever occur in the 1928 epidemic?","volume":"80","author":"Papaevangelou G","year":"1977","unstructured":"Papaevangelou G, , Halstead SB. Infections with two dengue viruses in Greece in the 20th century. Did dengue hemorrhagic fever occur in the 1928 epidemic? J Trop Med Hyg, 1977; 80:46\u201351.","journal-title":"J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","first-page":"227","article-title":"Antibodies against group A and B Arboviruses in domestic animals from Turkey","volume":"10","author":"Radda A","year":"1971","unstructured":"Radda A. Antibodies against group A and B Arboviruses in domestic animals from Turkey. EU T\u0131p Fak Mec, 1971; 10:227\u2013230.","journal-title":"EU T\u0131p Fak Mec"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"A revised, annotated checklist of of the mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Turkey","volume":"9","author":"Ramsdale CD","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ramsdale CD, , Alten B, , Caglar SS, , Ozer N. A revised, annotated checklist of of the mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) of Turkey. Eur Mosq Bull, 2001; 9:18\u201328.","journal-title":"Eur Mosq Bull"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","first-page":"1953","article-title":"The changing incidence of tickborne encephalitis in Europe","volume":"6","author":"Randolph S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Randolph S. The changing incidence of tickborne encephalitis in Europe. Euro Surveill, 2002; 6:1953.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.10.19509-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61779-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_1","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Arboviruses in the Mediterranean Countries","author":"Serter D","year":"1980","unstructured":"Serter D. Present status of arbovirus eero-epidemiology in the Aegean region of Turkey. Vesenjak-Hirjan J, , Porterfield JS, , Arslanagic E. Arboviruses in the Mediterranean Countries. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fisher Verlag, 1980; 155\u2013161."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tick-borne meningo-encephalitis cases in Izmir area","volume":"7","author":"Serter F","year":"1968","unstructured":"Serter F. Tick-borne meningo-encephalitis cases in Izmir area. EU T\u0131p Fak Mec, 1968; 7:1\u201313.","journal-title":"EU T\u0131p Fak Mec"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3376\/1081-1710(2007)32[269:DAASOP]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.566"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00812-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_1","first-page":"663","article-title":"Serological studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in the Old World","volume":"54","author":"Tesh RB","year":"1976","unstructured":"Tesh RB, , Saidi S, , Gajdamovic SJ, , Rodhain F et al. Serological studies on the epidemiology of sandfly fever in the Old World. Bull World Health Organ, 1976; 54:663\u2013674.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-8-61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00644-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-6106-6_12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Tick-borne Encephalitis virus (TBEV) among cases with tick bite history in Turkey","volume":"64","author":"Uyar Y","year":"2007","unstructured":"Uyar Y, , Akcali A, , Carhan A, , Ozkaya E et al. Seroprevalence of Tick-borne Encephalitis virus (TBEV) among cases with tick bite history in Turkey. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 2007; 64:21\u201325.","journal-title":"Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_1","volume-title":"Presented at the 55th Annual Meeting, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","author":"Whitehouse CA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Whitehouse CA, , Hottel H, , Vatansever Z, , Deniz A et al. First molecular detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks from Turkey. Presented at the 55th Annual Meeting, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Atlanta, GA, 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/136485906X86347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-1085-1"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2010.0162","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2010.0162","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2010.0162","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:48:43Z","timestamp":1777589323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2010.0162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2010.0162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2010.0162","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}}}